Issuing bonds, stocks:

Apart from mobilizing capital from different sources, businesses can issue bonds and stocks to meet the demand for capital increase and business expansion.

Bonds: Issuing bonds, businesses (except for private businesses) are bond issuers as well as borrowers. Bond buyers are usually lenders. There are various kinds of bonds: discount bonds, convertible bonds, bonds paying income-based interest, etc...

Stocks: for joint stock companies, stocks are means to raise initial ownership capital of companies as well as to mobilize more ownership capital during business process. There are two kinds of stocks: common stocks and preferential stocks.

From businesses' perspective, both stocks and bonds are securities which businesses can use as means to mobilize capital. Stocks are equity securities while bonds are debt securities. Issuing stocks increase ownership capital while issuing bonds increase debt