Permanent Sticking Charm
Incantation: Unknown
Description: Makes objects permanently stay in place.
Seen: First mentioned in OotP, Sirius suspects that his mother's painting was fixed to the wall with such a Charm. In DH, Harry discovers that it was used by Sirius to permanently affix pictures of muggle bikini clad women and motorcycles to the wall in his room in order to tick his parents off.

Body-Bind Curse
Incantation: Petrificus Totalus
Pronunciation: pe-trif-i-kəs toh-tal-əs
Description: Used to temporarily sort of freeze the victim's body in the position that he/she was before the curse hit.
Important: There is a common misconception that when the victim is hit with this curse, their body would take a position similar to that of a soldier in the attention position and they would fall down. But make no mistake, this is wrong. Many people think this because it's how the curse was portrayed in the movies. Not to mention, when I was researching the list of all the spells in the HP universe, each and every website gave info on the movie version of this particular spell.
But ultimately, our primary source of information is the HP book series and if you read it carefully you'll find that the result I mentioned here first is the accurate one.
Seen: First used in Philosopher's Stone by Hermione, who was trying to prevent Neville from stopping her, Ron, and Harry from leaving the common room. Used throughout the series from beginning to end.
Notes: The eyes of the target must remain mobile as seen in the Philosopher's Stone. Curse lifts automatically after several minutes, or like in HBP after the caster of the curse dies.

Piertotum Locomotor
Incantation: Piertotem Locomortor
Pronunciation: py-ər-toh-təm loh-ko-moh-tor
Description: Spell used to animate statues and suits of armour to do the caster's bidding.
Seen: In Deathly Hallows, McGonagall (being the badass witch that she is) uses this spell to animate the suits of armour and statues within Hogwarts to defend the castle.
Refer: Locomortor in 'Spells : L'  for more detail.

Placement Charm
Incantation: Unknown
Description: A charm which temporarily places an object upon a desired target.
Seen: Mentioned in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.

Four-Point Spell
Incantation: Point-me
Pronunciation: poynt-mee, as in English.
Description: Causes the caster's wand tip to point to the north cardinal point, acting like a compass.
Seen: Used by Harry during the third task of the Triwizard Tournament in Goblet of Fire.

Portus
Incantation: Portus
Pronunciation: port-əs
Description: Turns an object into a portkey. The object glows an odd blue colour to show it has been transformed into a portkey, then goes solid again.
Seen: Used by Dumbledore in OotP.
Requires Ministry approval to use.

Priori Incantatem
Incantation: Prior Incantato
Pronunciation: pry-or ing-kan-tah-toh
Description: Causes the echo (a shadow or image) of the last spell cast by a wand to emanate from it.
Seen: Used by Amos Diggory in Goblet of Fire to discover the last spell cast by Harry's wand after it was found in the hands of Winky, a house-elf.

Protean Charm
Incantation: Unknown
Description: Causes copies of an object to be remotely affected by changes made to the original.
Seen: In OotP, Hermione put the charm on a number of fake Galleons. Instead of the serial number around the edge of the coin, the time and date of the next meeting of Dumbledore's Army appeared. Said to be a spell at NEWT level.
We later learn that Voldemort used this spell on his followers' hands (or more specifically left forearms), even though they hurt like hell (bastard was probably pleased in some sick way, knowing that it was he was hurting them).

Shield Charm
Incantation: Protego
Pronunciation: proh-tay-goh
Description: Causes minor to strong jinxes, curses, and hexes to rebound upon the attacker, or at least prevents them from having their full effect. It can also cause a shield to erupt from the caster's wand. The only that wouldn't be affected by the shield charm is the killing curse.
Seen: First seen in GoF, in which Harry Potter is taught this spell by Hermione Granger in preparation for the third task in the Triwizard Tournament. Also used throughout the series.

Protego Horribilis
Incantation: Protego Horribilis
Pronunciation: proh-tay-goh hor-rib-il-is
Description: Provides some form of protection against Dark Magic.
Seen: Cast by Flitwick in an attempt to strengthen the castle's defences in Deathly Hallows

Protego Totalum
Pronunciation: proh-tay-goh toh-tal-əm
Description: Provides protection of some form for an area or dwelling for a long period of time.
Seen: In Deathly Hallows, this is one of the spells used by Hermione and Harry to protect their camp site from unwanted visitors.