I figured I might want to include a glossary of what some of the pirate and sailor lingo was at the time. 

Rigging– The system of ropes, wires and chains used to support and operate the masts, sails, booms and yards of a ship.

Mast – A large pole (spar) resin above the deck of a ship and supports sails and rigging.

Foremast – The front mast on a ship or any other sailing vessel.

Mainmast – The middle, primary mast on a ship or any other sailing vessel.

Mizzenmast – The aftermost mast on a ship or any other sailing vessel.

Sail - A large piece of material like cloth, set on mast and used to speed up sailing by being placed in the wind.

Square sail – A rectangular sail attached on yard, hanging symmetrically across the mast.

Fore-and-aft sail – A triangular sail set behind mast, attached to a gaff and boom, parallel with a keel.

Lateen sail – A triangular sail, set on a long yard and sometimes supported with boom.

Jib - A small fore-and-aft sail extending from the fore-topmast head to the jib-boom.

Trysail - A small fore-and-aft sail used during the storm conditions and placed instead of the regular sail.

Course sail - The largest and lowest square sail on a mast

Spanker – A fore-and-aft sail on an aftermost mast, bent with a gaff and boom.

Spar - A wooden or metal pole used for rigging such as mast, yard, gaff, boom, etc.

Bowsprit – A pole which extends forward from the bow of a ship.

Yardarm or Yard – A pole which horizontally crosses a mast.

Gaff - A swinging pole used to extend the top of a fore-and-aft sail away from a mast and support it.

Boom - A horizontal pole used to extend the foot of a fore-and-aft sail from a mast and support it.

Stay - A heavy rope, cable or wire used as support for a mast or spar.

Hull –A frame or body of any sailing vessel.

Keel – The bottom of a hull, scratching from bow to stern.

Rudder – A metal or wood plate mounted at the stern, used to maneuvers a ship.

Bulkhead – A water-tight structure dividing a ship into compartments.

Abaft or aft – A rear section of the ship.

Bow - The front part of a ship.

Deck – A horizontal platform covering a hull from one side of a ship to the other.

Poop – An enclosed structure, a rear part of a deck.

Stern – The aftermost part of a ship. A captain office and officers' quarters.

Forecastle -The part of upper deck at fore end of ship; the forward part of a ship with living quarters.

Main deck - The highest part of a deck in some vessels.

Berth -The sleeping and living quarters below main deck or built-in bed on a ship.

Orlop -The lowest deck on a ship, used for covering storage.

Bilge –The bottom of a ship, the transition between the bottom and the sides.

Scuppers – The openings, spreading along edges of a deck and allow water to drain off into the sea.

Pirate Ranks

Captain

People usually think that the most commanded by an iron fist, but in most cases, it was not true. The pirate Captains were selected because they were respected, not because they were feared. When electing a Captain, the crew looked for someone who was capable of commanding and navigating a ship. Also, it was crucial that captain has courage and skill in both, and fighting.

Captain had absolute control only in a battle. In everyday life, Captains did not have much more rights than any other crewmember. Even sail courses were determined by voting.

In Navy, captains and officers had military rank. There was always a big gap between common sailor and officer. However, on a ship full of murderers, bandits, and thieves, most decisions were determinate by voting! It may sound strange, but were Democrats! They had their own pirate ranks! On a pirate's ship, there was no such thing as a member of the privileged class. Everybody had same rights, and their roles and duties were appointed, only according to their abilities and knowledge.

First Mate

First Mate had rank just below the Captain. He would take control of the ship if the Captain could not perform his duties any longer. However, pirate ships usually did not have First Mates; Quartermasters performed their duties. But in the case of my story, the First Mate is the one with the most authority under the captain, not the quartermaster. 

Quartermaster

After Captain, the most authority on a pirate ship had Quartermaster. As a Captain's right hand, he was in charge when Captain was not around. He had the authority, and he could punish men for not obeying commands.

Quartermaster was also in charge of food and water supplies.

Sailing Master

Sailing Masters were officers in charge of navigation and piloting. It was a very hard job because charts in those days were usually inaccurate or nonexistent. Education was required and on non-pirate ships, it was a well-paid job.

Many sailing masters were forced to join the pirates.

Gunner

Gunners were leaders of small man groups, who operated on the artillery. They watched for the safety of their man and usually aimed the themselves.

It would take years of practice to become a good Gunner on a military ship. It was even harder on pirate ships because pirates rarely wanted to destroy other ships but rather to disable them Just for one canon to operate efficiently, four to six men was required to aim, fire, reset, swab and load. It was everything but an easy job. Also, coordination with other gunners was required.

To prevent commotion and random fire, usually the most experienced gunner was elected as a Master Gunner. He was the one who was giving orders when the captain was not around.

However, with all precautions, accidents still were an everyday thing. Canons could quickly overheat; they had excessive recoiling and people were working with powder (in dark or candle light).

Powder Monkey

Powder Monkey is British naval term used for young men who assisted gun crews. These boys, usually no older than 12-13 years, were forced to perform most dangerous work on a ship. They were treated harshly, rarely paid and were expandable. Powder Monkeys had little hope of promotion, were often deserting.

Boatswain

Boatswains were junior officers. They were people who supervised all activities on a ship. Depending on the size of the ship and crew, they could have one or several duties. Duties ranged from anchoring to naval provisions. They reported to the Quartermaster or the Captain.

Surgeons

The pirate ships usually did not have surgeons aboard. Those that had them probably pressed surgeons into service. From surgeons, crew expected, to help them with diseases and wounds. Without proper medicines, every wound could become a source of infection, so amputations were often necessary in order save patient's life.

If the ship did not have a surgeon, in cases of amputation, the carpenter would usually take his place. He was the first choice because he had necessary tools and knowledge in "cutting". In rare cases, the cook would take the place of a surgeon. However, cooks usually were not butchers; they were just crewmembers whose assignment was food preparing.

Cooks

Pirate ships did not have professional cooks. Usually, a just ordinary crewmember was in charge of food making.

Pirate Terms

Abaft, or aft = toward the back of the boatAhoy = HelloAll hands ahoy = Everyone on the deckAvast ye! = Stop you!; pay attention!Batten down the hatches = A signal to prepare the ship for an upcoming storm = Where the compass is kept on board the shipBlack jack = A pirate flag; a large Black spot = A death threat (found in Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson)Blimey! = Something said when one is in a state of surpriseBlow the man down = It possibly means getting knocked to the ground or killed (found in a 19th-century sea shanty)Booty = Treasure or loot = Name for a pirate mainly found in the Caribbean in the 17th and 18th centuriesCackle fruit = Hen's eggsCoaming = A surface that prevented water on the deck from dripping to lower levels of the shipCockswain, or coxswain = The helmsmanCrow's nest = The place on the ship where the lookout stand is builtCutlass = Type of sword used by the piratesDance the hempen jig = To be hangedDavy Jones' Locker = Mythological place at the bottom of the sea where drowned sailors were said to goDead men tell no tales = The reason given for leaving no survivorsDuffle = A sailor's belongings and the bag they were carried inDungbie = Rear end of the shipFeed the fish = If you lose a sea fight your body will feed the fishFlibustier = Name for the American pirates found around the West Indies during the Golden Age of PiracyFreebooter = A pirate or looter, from the same origin as flibustier, someone who took loot or bootyGive no quarter = Show no mercy; pirates raised a red flag to threaten no quarterHead = Toilet on board the shipHeave ho = Instruction to put some strength into whatever one is doingHempen halter = The noose used to hang peopleHornswaggle = To cheat, swindleJacob's Ladder = Rope ladder that was used to climb aboard shipsJolly Roger = The famous pirate flag with a skull and crossbones on itLandlubber = A person who is uncomfortable, or not incredibly skilled, at seaMan-O-War = The name used for a pirate ship that is heavily armed and ready for battleNo prey, no pay = A pirate law meaning the crew didn't get paid but took a share of any lootOld salt = A sailor that has a great deal of experience on the seasOrlop = Lowest deck in the ship where cables are storedPieces of eight = Spanish coinsPoop deck = Deck that is the highest and farthest backPrivateer = A sailor sponsored by the government, paid by what he could plunder from an enemy, technically a step up from a pirateRun a rig = Play a trickScuttle = To sink a shipScuttlebutt = A cask of drinking water; slang for gossipSeadog = An old sailor or pirateShark bait = If you're made to walk the plank, chances are you'll be shark bait. Also, a dying sailor whose body will soon be thrown into the seaShiver me timbers! = An expression used to show shock or disbeliefSon of a biscuit eater = An insultThree sheets to the wind = Someone who is quite drunkWalk the plank = A punishment, probably more myth than truth, which entails making someone walk off the side of the ship along a plank. The person's hands were often tied so he couldn't swim and drowned (and then fed the fish).Yo ho ho = Possibly from yo-heave-ho, a chant when doing strenuous work, but also can be used to call attention to the speaker.

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I used sources to help make this list for you!
I hope it helps when you are reading!