THE GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE OF BRITAIN
2.1 – The British Isles
- The British Isles = Great Britain + Ireland + hundreds of small islands.
- UK = Great Britain + Northern Ireland
- Great Britain / Britain = England + Scotland + Wales.
- Important seas surrounding British Isles:
o North Sea ( East )
o Atlantic Ocean ( West )
o English Channel ( btw England & France )
o Irish sea ( btw Great Britain & Ireland )
- Topography of GB = Highland Bri. & Lowland Bri.
- Bri. Has many estuaries & inlets.
- Climate : mild, damp, moderated.
- Citizens of Great Britain à Britons.
2.2- Physiographic features of England, Scotland, Wales
England
Scotland
Wales
Capital
Largest city
London
London
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Cardiff
Cardiff
Total area
130,410m2
78,790m2
20,760m2
Geography
Divided into 3 areas:
* Northern & Western: mountainous
+ The Pennies
+ Lake District
* Eastern:
- Flatland → populous
- Rolling hills (North Downs)
* Southern:
- Elevated plateau (Bristol)
- Barren uplands (Devon)
- Moors (Devon, Cornwall, Yorkshire – North York)
- Marshland (The Fens, Chalk Hills – Dover)
________
- Mainly consist of flat & rolling hills
- Coast has natural harbors
- A seafaring nation.
Divided into 3 areas:
* Central Lowlands
- Fr. Edinburgh → Glasgow
- Contain:
+ Industrial towns
+ Most population
* Highlands & Southern Uplands: mountainous
- SU: fertile plains & hills bordering England
- H: mountain ranges
_______
- ¾ : made up of uncultivated bog, rock, heather, peat soil
- has irregular coastline with inlets from the sea (Firth).
- mountainous, more than ½ occupied by Highlands, contain narrow lakes or lochs.
- Mountainous w/ 3 main regions:
+ Snowdonia (north-west)
+ Cambrian Mountain
(mid-Wales)
+ Brecon Beacons (south)
- Has irregular coastline w/ many bays.
Special features:
+ Birmingham: 2nd largest city of UK – center of Midlands
+ Thames : major river of England; 2nd longest river in UK
+ The Pennies & Lake District: most important English mountain ranges
→ most picturesque regions
+ Highest mountain: Ben Nevis
+ Longest river: The Tay
+ Mature, important river: The Clyde
+ Longest lake: Loch Lomond
+ Legend → a sea monster: Loch Ness
+ Largest Islands: The Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetlands.
+ Largest bay: Cardigan Bay
+ Principal range: Cambrian Mountains
→ source of River Severn
→ longest river of Britain
+ Highest mountain: Mount Snowdon
→ source of Dee River
→ major river of Wales
+ Largest natural lake: Bala
***************
- Marsh land: area of low land, soft & wet
- Moorlands: area of wild opened lands
- North York: famous moorland
- North York Moors: “garden of England”
- London: largest city of UK
- Birmingham (England): 2nd largest city of UK
- Thames (England): 2nd longest river in UK
- River Severn (Wales): longest river in Britain
2.3 - CLIMATE IN BRITAIN
- warm summers
- cold winters
- constant rainfall thru-out the year → cloudy condition
→ low sunshine hours
* Climate: mid-latitude oceanic climate
- Factors influencing the climate:
+ Northerly latitude – near Atlantic Ocean.
+ The warming of surrounding waters of the Atlantic Ocean by the Gulf Stream.
- Regions:
+ England: max. & min. temp thru-out the year
+ Scotland: coolest temp.
+ Wales: similar to England, but slightly warmer thru-out the year than Scotland, lower temp in winter compared to England.
* Compared with Vietnam:
Vietnam
Britain
- Tropical monsoon climate
- Humidity: 84%
- Winter / dry season: Nov → Apr
Summer: May → Oct
- Differences in Latitude & mountainous regions
→ climate varies considerably
- Mid-latitude oceanic climate
- Mild, moist
+ Hottest month: July
+ Coldest month: January
+ Rainfall → heaviest: October
+ Fogs, mists, overcast skies → frequent ( esp. in Pennies and inland region )
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