KBZ E-STUDYING -TẤN TOÀN

PARTT ONE :VOCABULARIES

TÊN CÁC LOÀI HOA

Hoa bướm : Pansy

Hoa bất tử : Immortetle

Hoa cẩm chướng : Carnation

Hoa cúc : Chrysanthemum

Hoa dâm bụt : Hibiscus

Hoa sứ : Fragipane

Hoa đào each blossom

Hoa đồng tiền : Gerbera

Hoa giấy : Bougainvillia

Hoa huệ (ta) : Tuberose

Hoa hải đường : Thea amplexicaulis

Hoa hướng dương :Helianthus

Hoa hòe : Sophora japonica

Hoa hồng : Rose

Hoa thiên lý : Pergularia minor Andr.

Hoa phong lan : Orchid

Hoa lay-ơn : Gladiolus

Hoa loa kèn : Lily

Hoa mai : Apricot blossom

Hoa mào gà : Celosia cristata Lin

Hoa mẫu đơn : Peony

Hoa mõm chó : snapdragon

Hoa nhài : Jasmine

Hoa phượng : Flame flower

Hoa mía (sim) : Myrtly

Hoa mua : Melastoma

Hoa quỳnh : Phyllo cactus grandis

Hoa sen : Lotus

Hoa súng : Nenuphar

Hoa tầm xuân: Eglantine

Hoa thủy tiên : Narcissus

Hoa thược dược: Dahlia

Hoa tím : Violet

Hoa vạn thọ : Tagetes paluta L.

-hoa loa kèn(lily)

-hoa huệ tâywhite-taberose)

-hoa cúc(daisy)

-hoa dỗ quyên( water-rail)

-hoa trà( camelia )

-hoa thuỷ tiên(narcissus)

-hoa thược dược(dahlia)

-hoa thạch thảo(heath-bell)

-hoa lay ơn (glaliolus)

-cúc vạn thọ(marrigold)

-hoa lan(orchild)

-hoa nhài(jasmine)

-hoa violet(violet)

31 TỪ TIẾNG ANH ĐẸP NHẤT

1. mother: người mẹ, tình mẫu tử

2. passion: tình cảm, cảm xúc

3. smile: nụ cười thân thiện

4. love: tình yêu

5. eternity: sự bất diệt, vĩnh cửu

6. fantastic: xuất sắc, tuyệt vời

7. destiny: số phận, định mệnh

8. freedom: sự tự do

9. liberty: quyền tự do

10. tranquility: sự bình yên

11. peace: sự hoà bình

12. blossom: sự hứa hẹn, triển vọng

13. sunshine: ánh nắng, sự hân hoan

14. sweetheart: người yêu dấu

15. gorgeous: lộng lẫy, huy hoàng

16. cherish: yêu thương

17. enthusiasm: sự hăng hái, nhiệt tình

18. hope: sự hy vọng

19. grace: sự duyên dáng

20. rainbow: cầu vồng, sự may mắn

21. blue: màu thiên thanh

22. sunflower: hoa hướng dương

23. twinkle: sự long lanh

24. serendipity: sự tình cờ, may mắn

25. bliss: niềm vui sướng vô bờ

26. lullaby: bài hát ru con, sự dỗ dành

27. sophisticated: sự tinh vi

28. renaissance: sự phục hưng

29. cute: xinh xắn đáng yêu

30. cosy: ấm cúng

31. butterfly: bươm bướm, sự kiêu sa

10 DANH TỪ TIẾNG ANH HAY DÙNG NHẤT

Dựa trên cuốn từ điển tiếng Anh Oxford tái bản lần gần đây nhất, các nhà nghiên cứu thuộc Nhà xuất bản trường ĐH Oxford đã phát hiện ra 10 danh từ được sử dụng phổ biến hơn hết thảy:

1. Time : Thời gian

2. Person : Người

3. Year : Năm

4. Way : Cách thức, Con đường

5. Day : Ngày

6. Thing : Vật, Việc,Thứ...

7. Man : Người, Đàn ông

8. World : Thế giới

9. Life : Cuộc sống

10. Hand :Bàn tay.

- Từ danh sách này, người ta bắt đầu đưa ra nhiều suy đoán thú vị về tâm lý cộng đồng người sử dụng tiếng Anh khắp thế giới:

- Họ là những người bị ám ảnh về thời gian, khi mà các từ chỉ thời gian luôn chiếm được những thứ hạng cao nhất:

Ex: "Time" (Thời gian) ở vị trí đầu tiên, "Year" (Năm) đứng thứ 3, "Day" (Ngày) đứng thứ 5, "Week" (Tuần) thứ 17.

- "Work" (Công việc) ở vị trí thứ 16, trong khi "Rest" (Nghỉ ngơi) và "Play" (Chơi bời) "mất hút" trong top 100.

- "Money" (Tiền bạc) có vẻ không quan trọng lắm như nhiều người nghĩ, chỉ đứng thứ 65. Dù vậy các nhà nghiên cứu cho rằng lý do vì có nhiều từ thay thế tương tự, Ex: "Cash" (Tiền mặt) chẳng hạn.

- Người ta có vẻ thích nói về "Chiến tranh" ("War", thứ 49) nhiều hơn "Hòa bình" ("Peace" - không có mặt trong top 100)

1000 TỪ HAY DÙNG NHẤT

the, of, to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that, he, was, for, on, are, with, as, I, his, they, be, at, one, have, this, from, or, had, by, hot, word, but, what, some, we, can, out, other, were, all, there, when, up, use, your, how, said, an, each, she, which, do, their, time, if, will, way, about, many, then, them, write, would, like, so, these, her, long, make, thing, see, him, two, has, look, more, day, could, go, come, did, number, sound, no, most, people, my, over, know, water, than, call, first, who, may, down, side, been, now, find, any, new, work, part, take, get, place, made, live, where, after, back, little, only, round, man, year, came, show, every, good, me, give, our, under, name, very, through, just, form, sentence, great, think, say, help, low, line, differ, turn, cause, much, mean, before, move, right, boy, old, too, same, tell, does, set, three, want, air, well, also, play, small, end, put, home, read, hand, port, large, spell, add, even, land, here, must, big, high, such, follow, act, why, ask, men, change, went, light, kind, off, need, house, picture, try, us, again, animal, point, mother, world, near, build, self, earth, father, head, stand, own, page, should, country, found, answer, school, grow, study, still, learn, plant, cover, food, sun, four, between, state, keep, eye, never, last, let, thought, city, tree, cross, farm, hard, start, might, story, saw, far, sea, draw, left, late, run, don't, while, press, close, night, real, life, few, north, open, seem, together, next, white, children, begin, got, walk, example, ease, paper, group, always, music, those, both, mark, often, letter, until, mile, river, car, feet, care, second, book, carry, took, science, eat, room, friend, began, idea, fish, mountain, stop, once, base, hear, horse, cut, sure, watch, color, face, wood, main, enough, plain, girl, usual, young, ready, above, ever, red, list, though, feel, talk, bird, soon, body, dog, family, direct, pose, leave, song, measure, door, product, black, short, numeral, class, wind, question, happen, complete, ship, area, half, rock, order, fire, south, problem, piece, told, knew, pass, since, top, whole, king, space, heard, best, hour, better, true ., during, hundred, five, remember, step, early, hold, west, ground, interest, reach, fast, verb, sing, listen, six, table, travel, less, morning,ten, simple, several, vowel, toward, war, lay, against, pattern, slow, center, love, person, money, serve, appear, road, map, rain, rule, govern, pull, cold, notice, voice, unit, power, town, fine, certain, fly, fall, lead, cry, dark, machine, note, wait, plan, figure, star, box, noun, field, rest, correct, able, pound, done, beauty, drive, stood, contain, front, teach, week, final, gave, green, oh, quick, develop, ocean, warm, free, minute, strong, special, mind, behind, clear, tail, produce, fact, street, inch, multiply, nothing, course, stay, wheel, full, force, blue, object, decide, surface, deep, moon, island, foot, system, busy, test, record, boat, common, gold, possible, plane, stead, dry, wonder, laugh, thousand, ago, ran, check, game, shape, equate, hot, miss, brought, heat, snow, tire, bring, yes, distant, fill, east, paint, language, among, grand, ball, yet, wave, drop, heart, am, present, heavy, dance, engine, position, arm, wide, sail, material, size, vary, settle, speak, weight, general, ice, matter, circle, pair, include, divide, syllable, felt, perhaps, pick, sudden, count, square, reason, length, represent, art, subject, region, energy, hunt, probable, bed, brother, egg, ride, cell, believe, fraction, forest, sit, race, window, store, summer, train, sleep, prove, lone, leg, exercise, wall, catch, mount, wish, sky, board, joy, winter, sat, written, wild, instrument, kept, glass, grass, cow, job, edge, sign, visit, past, soft, fun, bright, gas, weather, month, million, bear, finish, happy, hope, flower, clothe, strange, gone, jump, baby, eight, village, meet, root, buy, raise, solve, metal, whether, push, seven, paragraph, third, shall, held, hair, describe, cook, floor, either, result, burn, hill, safe,cat, century, consider, type, law, bit, coast, copy, phrase, silent, tall, sand, soil, roll, temperature, finger, industry, value, fight, lie, beat, excite, natural, view, sense, ear, else, quite, broke, case, middle, kill, son, lake, moment, scale, loud, spring, observe, child, straight, consonant, nation, dictionary, milk, speed, method, organ, pay, age, section, dress, cloud, surprise, quiet, stone, tiny, climb, cool, design, poor, lot, experiment, bottom, key, iron, single, stick, flat, twenty, skin, smile, crease, hole, trade, melody, trip, office, receive, row, mouth, exact, symbol, die, least, trouble, shout, except, wrote, seed, tone, join, suggest, clean, break, lady, yard, rise, bad, blow, oil, blood, touch, grew, cent, mix, team, wire, cost, lost, brown, wear, garden, equal, sent, choose, fell, fit, flow, fair, bank, collect, save, control, decimal, gentle, woman, captain, practice, separate, difficult, doctor, please, protect, noon, whose, locate, ring, character, insect, caught, period, indicate, radio, spoke, atom, human, history, effect, electric, expect, crop, modern, element, hit, student, corner, party, supply, bone, rail, imagine, provide, agree, thus, capital, won't, chair, danger, fruit, rich, thick, soldier, process, operate, guess, necessary, sharp, wing, create, neighbor, wash, bat, rather, crowd, corn, compare, poem, string, bell, depend, meat, rub, tube, famous, dollar, stream, fear, sight, thin, triangle, planet, hurry, chief, colony, clock, mine, tie, enter, major, fresh, search, send, yellow, gun, allow, print, dead, spot, desert, suit, current, lift, rose, continue, block, chart, hat, sell, success, company, subtract, event, particular, deal, swim, term, opposite, wife, shoe, shoulder, spread, arrange, camp, invent, cotton, born, determine, quart, nine, truck, noise, level, chance, gather, shop, stretch, throw, shine, property, column, molecule, select, wrong, gray, repeat, require, broad, prepare, salt, nose, plural, anger, claim, continent, oxygen, sugar, death, pretty, skill, women, season, solution, magnet, silver, thank, branch, match, suffix, especially, fig, afraid, huge, sister, steel, discuss, forward, similar, guide, experience, score, apple, bought, led, pitch, coat, mass, card, band, rope, slip, win, dream, evening, condition, feed, tool, ]total, basic, smell, valley, nor, double, seat, arrive, master, track, parent, shore, division, sheet, substance, favor, connect, post, spend, chord, fat, glad, original, share, station, dad, bread, charge, proper, bar, offer, segment, slave, duck, instant, market, degree, populate, chick, dear, enemy, reply, drink, occur, support, speech, nature, range, steam, motion, path, liquid, log, meant, quotient, teeth, shell, neck.

TIẾNG LÓNG

A-yo: này

Abuba?: Cái gì? Hả?

Adios: Tạm biệt

All thumbs: Rất lúng túng, vụng về

Ambulance chaser: Luật sư

Arg! Ối!

ATM:Automatic Teller Machine):Máy rút tiền tự động.

B-ball: Bóng rổ

Baby kisser: Nhà chính trị

Back off! Câm đi!

Bag it! Im đi!

Bawa: Nước uống đóng chai

Be cool:Thong thả

Beat: Mệt mỏi,kiệt sức

Bingo! Chính xác!

Boss: Tuyệt vời, cừ khôi

Box: Tivi

Breeze: Việc đơn giản

Brew: Cà phê

Buck: Đô la

Bug: Khó chịu, bực mình

Bye now:Giờ thì tạm biệt nhé!

PART TWO:TN

NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ LOVE

1. To go out with (somebody) = to have a romantic relationship with somebody : có một mối quan hệ tình cảm với một ai đó

Ex: They had been going out with each other for 5 years when he asked her to marry him.

2. To fall for (somebody)= to fall in love with : yêu một ai đó

Ex: He's not her usual type, but she fell for him after dating for a couple of months.

(Anh ta không phải là đối tượng của cô ta, nhưng cô ta đã yêu anh ta say đắm sau vài tháng đi chơi với nhau.)

3. To cheat on (somebody) = to secretly have a romantic or sexual relationship with somebody other than your boyfriend/girlfriend or husband/wife. : có một mối quan hệ tình cảm hoặc thể xác với một người nào đó ngoài bạn trai/gái hoặc chồng/vợ của mình.

Ex: He cheated on her with her best friend.

(Anh ta đã lừa dối cô bằng cách quen với bạn thân của cô.)

Những cụm động từ có thể tách riêng:

- Đôi khi bổ ngữ của cụm ngoại động từ phải được đặt giữa động từ và tiểu từ. Những cụm động từ dưới đây là có thể tách riêng.

* To ask (somebody) out= to invite someone to something, such as dinner or the theatre, for a romantic date

Ex: In my country, women never ask men out. It's the men who make the first move.

Tại đất nước tôi, phụ nữ không bao giờ mời đàn ông đi chơi. Đàn ông là người nói lời mời đầu tiên.

** Let (somebody) down= to disappoint somebody by failing to do what you were expected to do, or promised to do - làm ai đó thất vọng bằng cách không thực hiện cái mà bạn hy vọng hoặc hứa sẽ thực hiện.

Ex: He promised to spend more time with her but he let her down. He kept on working late most evenings.

- If you let me down again I will leave you.

*** Stand (somebody) up= to fail to keep an appointment with someone, especially a romantic date: không đến buổi hẹn với ai đó, đặc biệt là cuộc hẹn hò tình cảm.

Ex: I waited for her for half an hour before I realised she had stood me up.

Những cụm động từ không có bổ ngữ.

Một số cụm động từ không cần bổ ngữ. Những động từ này được gọi là cụm nội động từ.

1. Settle down = to begin living a stable and orderly life as an adult: bắt đầu có cuộc sống ổn định và có trật tự như một người trưởng thành

Ex: He settled down as a farmer with a family.

I am too young to settle down. I want to travel around the world before I get married.

2. Break up = to end a romantic relationship or marriage - chấm dứt một quan hệ tình cảm hoặc hôn nhân

Ex: Maria and Peter have broken up

They broke up after she saw him with another woman.

T.NGỮ V ĐỘNG TỪ

catch sight of :bắt gặp

feel pity for :thương xót

feel sympathy for :thông cảm

feel regret for :hối hận

feel contempt for : xem thường

feel shame at : xấu hổ

give way to :nhượng bộ

give birth to :sinh con

have a look at :nhìn

keep up with :theo kịp

link up with :liên kết với

make allowance for :chiếu cố

make complaint about :than phiền

make fun of :chế nhạo

make room for : dọn chỗ

make use of :sử dụng

pay attention to: chú ý đến

put an end to :kết thúc

take care of :chăm sóc

take notice of :lưu ý

take advantage of :tận dụng

take leave of :từ biệt

Stand apart! (Tránh một bên!)

Watch out! (Becareful)

Cheer up! (Cố lên)

Bravo! (Hoan hô)

Play tricks! (chơi an gian)

How dare you! (Sao mi dám!)

Have my appology (I'm sorry!)

Don't be legless! (Đừng có mà say túy lúy nhá!)

What a relief! (Đỡ quá!!!)

This time is my treat (Lần này tôi bao/đãi)

Hell with haggling (Thây kệ đi!)

Bored to death (Chán chết

THÀNH NGỮ V-E

The higher climbing,the greater falling: Trèo càng cao té càng đau.

Empty vessels make the greatest sound:Thùng rỗng kêu to.

Even a worm will turn:Tức nước vỡ bờ.

East or west-Home is best:Ta về ta tắm ao ta,dù trong dù đục ao nhà vẫn hơn.

Everything comes to him who waits:Thành công đến với người biết chờ đợi.

Diamond cuts diamond:Vỏ quít dày,móng tay nhọn.

Doing nothing is doing ill:Nhàn cư vi bất thiện.

Out of sight,out of mind = Far from eyes,far from hearts:Xa mặt cách lòng.

Each bird loves to hear himself sing:Mèo khen mèo dài đuôi.

Cut your coat according to your cloth:Liệu cơm gắp mắm.

From bad to worse:Tránh vỏ dưa gặp vỏ dừa.

First think,then speak:Uốn lưỡi 7 lần trước khi nói.

Flies are easier caught with honey than with vineger:Mật ngọt chết ruồi.

Fortune favors the brave:Có chí làm quan,có gan làm giàu.

Experience is the best teacher: Trăm hay ko bằng tay quen.

Fire is a good servant but a bad master:Đừng đùa với lửa.

Evil communications corrupt good manner:Gần mực thì đen gần đèn thì sáng.

You go your way,I'll go mine:Đường ai nấy đi

A friend in need is a friend indeed: Có hoạn nạn mới hiểu bạn.

He that seeks trouble never misses:Đi đêm có ngày gặp ma.

Head cook and bottle-washer:Khéo tay hay làm

It is long road that has no turning: Sông có khúc,người có lúc.

A great ship ask deep water:Lớn thuyền lớn sóng.

He that once deceives is never suspected:Một lần bất tín vạn lần bất tin.

He that promises to much means nothing:Mau hứa mau quên.

A good name is sooner lost than won:Mua danh ba vạn bán danh ba đồng

A man can do no more than he can:Sức người có hạn.

A good anvil does not fear the hammer:Cây ngay ko sợ chết đứng.

Little things amuse with little minds:Trí nhỏ vui với việc nhỏ.

Great mind are alike:Tư tưởng lớn gặp nhau.

He that has no children knows not what love is:Có nuôi con mới biết lòng cha mẹ.

T.NGỮ VỀ TIỀN BẠC

- Feel like a million dollars/bucks: cảm thấy hưng phấn, thoải mái

Although I have been sick for a few weeks I feel like a million dollars today.

- Flat broke (hay Stone broke): như "down and out", sạch túi

I am flat broke and don't even have enough money to pay my rent.

- Have sticky fingers: ăn cắp

The new employee has sticky fingers and many things in the store have disappeared.

- Hit the jackpot: đột nhiên kiếm được một món tiền lớn

We hit the jackpot at the casino and came home with a lot of money.

- In the red: (làm ăn) không sinh lợi, thua lỗ

The company has been in the red for several months now and will soon have to go bankrupt.

- Loaded: giàu có

My uncle is loaded and always has lots of money.

- Lose your shirt: mất hết (hay gần hết) tiền

I lost my shirt in a business venture and now I have no money.

CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT

BA: (Bachelor of Arts) Cử nhân Văn chương

BEng: (Bachelor of Engineering) Cử nhân Kỹ thuật

BS: (Bachelor of Surgery) Cử nhân Phẫu thuật

BSc: (Bachelor of science) Cử nhân Khoa học

ELT: (English Language Teaching) Đào tạo tiếng Anh

ESL: (English Language Teaching) Tiếng Anh như là Ngôn ngữ thứ hai

ESP: (English for Specific Purposes) Tiếng Anh Chuyên ngành

IELTS: (International English Language Testing System) Hệ thống Kiểm tra tiếng Anh Quốc tế

LLM: (Master of Laws) Thạc sỹ Luật

MA: (Master of Arts) Thạc sỹ Văn chương

MBA: (Master of Business Administration) Thạc sỹ Quản trị Kinh doanh

MChem: (Master of Chemistry) Thạc sỹ Hoá học

Mmath: (Master of Mathematics) Thạc sỹ Toán học (trình độ đại học)

PhD: (Doctor of Philosophy) Tiến sỹ

TEFL: (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) Giảng dạy tiếng Anh như một Ngoại ngữ

TESOL: (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) Giảng dạy Tiếng Anh cho những người nói ngôn ngữ khác

TOEFL: (Test of English as a Foreign Language) Bài kiểm tra tiếng Anh như là một Ngoại ngữ

AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

̣ ( hội chứng suy giảm miễn dịch mắc phải )

AGM : Annual General Meeting

(cuộc họp chung hàng năm )

BBC :British Broadcastng Corporation

(chương trình phát thanh anh quốc )

BA : Bachelor Of Arts

(cử nhân văn chương )

BASIC : Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

(Kí hiệu hướng dẫn đa dụng dành cho người bắt đầu sử dụng máy vi tính )

CARE : Cooperative For American Relief Everywhere

( tổ chức cứu tế khắp nơi của mĩ )

EEC : European Economic Community

(Cộng đồng kinh tế châu âu )

FIFA :International Federation Of Football Associations

(Liên đòan bóng đá quốc tế )

FAO : Food And Agricultural Organisation

( tổ chức thực phẩm và nông nghiệp )

GATT : General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade

(hiệp ước chung về thuế quan và mậu dịch )

ILO : International Labour Organisation

(tổ chức lao động quốc tế )

IMF : International Monetary Fund

(quỹ tiền tệ quốc tế )

LASER : Light Amplification By Stimlated Emission Of Radiation

(sự khuyếch đại ánh sáng bằng cách kích thích phát ra tia bức xạ )

MA : Master Of Arts

thạc sĩ văn chương)

NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

(tổ chức hiệp ước bắc đại tây dương)

POW : Prisoner Of War

tù nhân chíên tranh)

RADAR :Radio Detective And Ranging

(máy vô tuyến dò tìm và phân lọai )

SEATO : South East Asia Treaty Organisation

(tổ chức hiệp ước đông nam á )

SALT : Strategic Arms Limitation Talk

(các cuộc đàm phán về giới hạn vũ khí chiến lược )

TU : Trade Union

(công đòan)

UFO : Unidentified Flying Object

(vật bay không xác định )

UNICEF : United Nations Interational Children's Emergency Fund

(quỹ bảo trợ nhi đồng của liên hiệp quốc )

UNO :United Nations Organisation

(tổ chức liên hiệp quốc )

VAT : Value Added Tax

(thuế giá trị gia tăng )

VIP : Very Important Person

(người rất quan trọng )

WHO : World Health Organisation

(tổ chức y tế thế giới )

WAC : Women's Army Corps

(quân đòan phụ nữ )

VIẾT TẮT VỀ ĐIỆN THOẠI

0G: Zero Generation

AAC: Advanced Audio Coding

AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System

AMTS: Advanced Telephone System

API: Application programming Interface

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access

CPDP: Cellular Digital Packet Data

CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

DVI: Digital Video Interface

EMS: Enhanced Message Service

FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access

FED: Field Emission Display

GPRS: Genaral Packet Radio Services

GSM: Global System for Mobile Commuications (original acronym: Groupe Special Mobile)

HSDPA: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (3G)

HSUPA: Hogh-Speed Uplink Packet Access (3G)

IMTS: Improved Telephone Service

JavaEE: Java Platform Enterprise Edition

JavaME: Java Platform Micro Editon

JavaSE: Java Platform Standard Edition

LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

LCOS: Liquid Crystal On Silicon

LED: Light-Emitting Diode

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface

MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service

MP3: MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3

MTS: Mobile Telephone System

PAS: Personal Access System

PDA: Personal Digital Assistant

PDC: Personal Digital Cellular

PDP: Plasma Display Panel

PHS: Personal Handy-phone System

PTT: Push To Talk

OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode

RUIM: Removable User Identity Module (SIM for CDMA m.phone)

SED: Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display

SIM: Subscriber Identity Module

SMS: Short Message Service

TFT: Thin-Film Transistor

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (for 3G m.phone)

USIM: Universal Subscriber Identity Module

VGA: Video Graphics Array

VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (for 3G m.phone)

ABB. OF DEGREES

BA - Bachelor of Arts

BS - Bachelor of Science

EdD - Doctor of Education

LLB - Bachelor of Laws (legum baccalaureus)

LLM - Master of Laws (legum magister)

MBA - Master of Business Administration

MS - Master of Science

BBA - Bachelor of Business Administration

DA - Doctor of Arts

JD - Doctor of Law

LLD - Doctor of Laws (legum doctor)

MA - Master of Arts

MD - Doctor of Medicine (medicinae doctor)

PhD - Doctor of Philosophy

CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT WRITING

Two most common abbreviations in writing.

i.e. [id est]= that is

e.g. [exempli gratia]= for example

Both abbreviations are almost always separated from text by commas.

"The best interpretation, i.e., my opinion, is that ..."

Abbreviations used in references.

et al. [et alia]= and others

Used when citing a list of more than three authors to

substitute for all the authors' names except the first.

ibid. [ibidem]= in the same place

Refers to immediately preceding footnote

op. cit. [opere citato]= in the work cited

Examples of ibid. and op. cit.

4. R. Poirer, "Learning physics," (Academic, New York, 1993), p. 4.

5. Ibid, p. 9.

6. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics," (Springer, Berlin, 1989), p. 141.

7. Poirer, op. cit., p. 89.

8. Eliot, op. cit., p.148.

VIẾT TẮT Ở MỸ

A.B.= Artium Baccalaureus [Bachelor of Arts]

abbr.= abbreviation(s), abbreviated

Acad.= Academy

A.D.= anno Domini [in the year of the Lord]

alt.= altitude

A.M.= ante meridiem [before noon]; Artium Magister [Master of Arts]

AM= amplitude modulation

Assn.= Association

at. no.= atomic number

at. wt.= atomic weight

Aug.= August

Ave.= Avenue

AWOL= absent without leave

b.= born, born in

B.C.= Before Christ

b.p.= boiling point

Btu= British thermal unit(s)

C= Celsius (centigrade)

c.= circa [about]

cal= calorie(s)

Capt.= Captain

cent.= century, centuries

cm= centimeter(s)

co.= county

Col.= Colonel; Colossians

Comdr.= Commander

Corp.= Corporation

Cpl.= Corporal

cu= cubic

d.= died, died in

D.C.= District of Columbia

Dec.= December

dept.= department

dist.= District

div.= Division

E= east, eastern

ed.= edited, edition, editor(s)

est.= established; estimated

et al.= et alii [and others]

F= Fahrenheit

Feb.= February

fl.= floruit [flourished]

fl oz= fluid ounce(s)

FM= frequency modulation

ft= foot, feet

gal.= gallon(s)

Gen.= General, Genesis

GMT= Greenwich mean time

GNP= gross national product

GOP= Grand Old Party (Republican Party)

Gov.= governor

grad.= graduated, graduated at

H= hour(s)

Hon.= the Honorable

hr= hour(s)

i.e.= id est [that is]

in.= inch(es)

inc.= incorporated

Inst.= Institute, Institution

Jan.= January

Jr.= Junior

K= Kelvin

kg= kilogram(s)

km= kilometer(s)

£= libra [pound], librae [pounds]

lat.= latitude

lb= libra [pound], librae [pounds]

Lib.= Library

long.= longitude

Lt.= Lieutenant

Ltd.= Limited

m= meter(s)

M= minute(s)

mg= milligram(s)

mi= mile(s)

min= minute(s)

mm= millimeter(s)

mph= miles per hour

Mr.= Mister (always abbreviated)

Mrs.= Mistress (always abbreviated)

Msgr= Monsignor

mt.= Mount, Mountain

mts.= mountains

Mus.= Museum

N= north; Newton(s)

NE= northeast

no.= number

Nov.= November

Oct.= October

Op.= Opus [work]

oz= ounce(s)

pl.= plural

pop.= population

pseud.= pseudonym

pt.= part(s)

pt= pint(s)

pub.= published; publisher

qt= quart(s)

Rev.= Revelation; the Reverend

rev.= revised

R.N.= registered nurse

rpm= revolution(s) per minute

RR= railroad

S= south

S= second(s)

sec= second(s); secant

Sept.= September

Ser.= Series

Sgt.= Sergeant

sq= square

Sr.= Senior

St.= Saint; Street

uninc.= unincorporated

Univ.= University

vol.= volume(s)

vs.= versus

W= west; watt(s)

wt.= weight

yd= yard(s)

VIẾT TẮT TRONG MAIL

aamof = as a matter of fact

afaict = as far as I can tell

aiui = as I understand it

atb = all the best

bbfn = bye bye for now

bbiam = be back in a minute

bbl = be back later

btaicbw = but then again I could be wrong

bttp = back to the point

cmiiw = correct me if I'm wrong

cwyl = chat with you later

damhik = don't ask me how I know

dtrt = do the right thing

dttah = don't try this at home

ducwic = do you see what I see?

dwisnwid = do what I say not what I do

ftbomh = from the bottom of my heart

fya = for your amusement

fyi = for your information

gfn = gone for now

gg = got to go

gl = good luck

gtg = got to go

gtgn = got to go now

hhok = ha ha only kidding

hoas = hold on a second

hth = hope this helps

iccl = I couldn't care less

ikwum = I know what you mean

iykwim = if you know what I mean

iyswim = if you see what I mean

nmp = not my problem

noyb = none of your business

tafn = that's all for now

tc = take care

tia = thanks in advance

tlc = tender loving care

tmiktliu = the more I know the less I understand

ttbomk = to the best of my knowledge

ttul = talk to you later

ttyl = talk to you later

twimc = to whom it may concern

vh = virtual hug

wdymbt = what do you mean by that?

yhbw = you have been warned

DỊNH NGHĨA VỀ GIA ĐÌNH

FAMILY = Father And Mother, I Love You

WIFE = Washing, Ironing, Food and Entertainment

HUSBAND = Housing, Understanding, Sharing, Buying And Never Demand

CHILD = Courage, Honest, Intelligent, Lovely, Don't do bad things

GIỚI TỪ

accuse of : buộc tội ai về cái gì

approve of : tán thành cái gì

assure of : đảm bảo về cái gì

beware of : coi chừng cái gì

boast of : khoe cái gì

complaint of : phàn nàn

consist of : bao gồm

convince of ( about ) : thuyết phục

cure of : chữa trị

despair of : thất vọng

dream of ( about ) : mơ

excuse of ( for ) : tha lỗi

expect of ( from ) : mong đợi

hear of ( from ) : nghe nói đến

be ( get ) rid of : tống khứ smell of : có mùi

suspeet smb of : nghi ngờ

think of : nghĩ về

tire of : chán

warn smb of : cảnh báo

borrow from : mượn ai cái gì

defend from : bảo vệ

demand from : đòi hỏi ở ai

differ from : khác với

dismiss from : xa thải khỏi

draw from : rút tiền

emerge from : nổi lên, xuất hiện 1 vấn đề

eseape from : trốn thoát

hinder from : cản trở

prevent from : ngăn chặn

prohibit from : cấm

protect from : bảo vệ

receive from : nhận từ

separate from : ngăn cách

suffer from : chịu đựng

believe in : tin

delight in : thích

employ in : làm thuê ở

encourage in : động viên

engage in : bận

experience in : kinh nghiệm

fail in : thất bại

help in : giúp

include in : bao gồm

indulge in : đam mê

instruct in : dạy

invest in : đầu tư

involve in : tham gia

persist in : kiên trì

- Out of =ra khỏi

Out of date = hêt hạn

Out of work = thất nghiệp

Out of question =

Out of order = hỏng

Out ofinto = vào

- By

động từ chỉ chuyển động + by = đi ngang qua (walk by the library)

động từ tĩnh + by = ở gần (your books are by the window)

by + thời gian cụ thể = trước lúc, cho đến lúc (hành động cho đến lúc đó phải xảy ra)

by + phương tiện giao thông = đi bằng (by bus, by bicycle)

by then = cho đến lúc đó (dùng cho cả QK và TL)

by way of= theo đường...

by the way = một cách tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên

by the way = by the by = nhân đây, nhân tiện

by far + so sánh (thường là so sánh bậc nhất)=>dùng để nhấn mạnh

by accident = by mistake = tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên

- In = bên trong

In + month/year

In time for = In good time for = Đúng giờ (thường kịp làm gì, hơi sớm hơn giờ đã định một chút)

In the street = dưới lòng đường

In the morning/ afternoon/ evening

In the past/future = trước kia, trong quá khứ/ trong tương lai

In future = from now on = từ nay trở đi

In the begining/ end = at first/ last = thoạt đầu/ rốt cuộc

In the way = đỗ ngang lối, chắn lối

Once in a while = đôi khi, thỉnh thoảng

In no time at all = trong nháy mắt, một thoáng

In the mean time = meanwhile = cùng lúc

In the middle of (địa điểm)= ở giữa

In the army/ airforce/ navy

In + the + STT + row = hàng thứ...

In the event that = trong trường hợp mà

In case = để phòng khi, ngộ nhỡ

Get/ be in touch/ contact with Sb = liên lạc, tiếp xúc với ai

- On = trên bề mặt:

On + thứ trong tuần/ ngày trong tháng

On + a/the + phương tiện giao thông = trên chuyến/ đã lên chuyến...

On + phố = địa chỉ... (như B.E : in + phố)

On the + STT + floor = ở tầng thứ...

On time = vừa đúng giờ (bất chấp điều kiện bên ngoài, nghĩa mạnh hơn in time)

On the corner of = ở góc phố (giữa hai phố)

Chú ý:

In the corner = ở góc trong

At the corner = ở góc ngoài/ tại góc phố

On the sidewalk = pavement = trên vỉa hè

Chú ý:

On the pavement (A.E.)= trên mặt đường nhựa

(Don't brake quickly on the pavement or you can slice into another car)

On the way to: trên đường đến ...

- At = ở tại

At + số nhà

At + thời gian cụ thể

At home/ school/ work: ở nhà, ở trường,ở chỗ làm việc.

At night/noon (A.E : at noon = at twelve = giữa trưa (she was invited to the party at noon, but she was 15 minutes late)

At least = chí ít, tối thiểu, most =" tối", once ="ngay", moment = "now".

Một số các thành ngữ dùng với giới từ

On the beach: trên bờ biển

Along the beach: dọc theo bờ biển

In place of = Instead of: thay cho, thay vì.

For the most part: chính là, chủ yếu là = mainly.

In hope of + V-ing = Hoping to + V = Hoping that + sentence = với hi vọng là.

off and on: dai dẳng, tái hồi

all of a sudden= suddenly = bỗng nhiên

for good = forever: vĩnh viễn, mãi mãi.

On behalf of = thay mặt...

IMPRESSIONS

KHI BẠN KHÔNG BIẾT NÊN NÓI GÌ

1. you're on the right track now

2. You've got it made

3. Super!

4. That's right!

5. That's good!

6. You're really working hard today

7. you're very good at that

8. That's coming along nicely

9. GOOD WORK!

10. I'm happy to see u working like that

11. That's much, much better!

12. Exactly right

13. I am proud of the way u worked today

14. You' re doing that much better today

15. You've just about get it

16. that's the best you've ever done

17. You're doing a good job

18. THAT'S IT!

19. Now you've figured it out

20. That's quite an improvement

21. GREAT!

22. I knew u could do it

23. Congratulation!

24. Not bad

25. Keep working on it

26. You're improving

27. Now u have it!

28. You rea learning fast

29. Good for u!

30. Couldn't have done it better myself

31. Are u proud of yourself?

32. One more time and u'll have it

33. You really make my job fun

34. That's the right way to do it

35. You're getting better everyday

36. You did it that time!

37. That is not half bad

38. Nice going

39. You haven't missed a thing!

40. WOW!!!

41. That's the way!

42. Keep up the good work

43. TERRIFIC!

44. Nothing can stop u now

45. That's the way to do it

46. SENSATIONAL

47. You've got ur brain in gear today

48. That's better

49. that was first class work

50. EXCELLENT!!

51. That's the best ever

52. You've just about mastered it

53. PERFECT!

54. That's better than ever

55. Much better

56. WONDERFUL!!

57. You mist have been practicing

58. You did it very well

59. FINE

60. Nice going

61. You're really going to town

62. OUSTANDING!

63. FANTASTIC!

64. TREMEDOUS!

65. That's how to handle that

66. Now that's what i call a fine job

67. That's great

68. Right on!

69. You re really improving

70. You're doing beatifully!

71. SUPERB!

72. Good remembering

73. You've got that down pat

74. You certainly did it well today.

75. Keep it up!

76. Congratulation. You got it right!

77. You did a lot of work today

78. Well look at you go

79. That's it

80. I am very proud of u

81. MARVELOUS!

82. I like that

83. Way to go

84. Now you have the hang of it

85. you're doing fine

86. Good thinking

87. You are really learn a lot

88. Good going

89. I have never seen anyone do it better

90. Keep on trying

91. You outdid urself today

92. Good for u!

93. I think 've got it now

94. That's good( boy or girl)

95. You figured that out fast

96. You remebered!

97. That's really nice

98. That kind of work makes me happy

99. I think u'r doing the right thing

IMPRESSIONS

To say no

- I shall have to say No to your kind invitation of...

- Very regretfully...

- Unfortunately it will be impossible for...

- I regret I cannot accept...

- Because of Jonathan's illness, we find that we cannot...

- I am sincerely sorry that John and I cannot join your dinner party...

- Nothing would please me more than to join you for lunch on Tuesday, - but unfortunately...

- If it were possible, I would be delighted to...

- Please accept my sincere regrets at not being able to join...

To say yes

- We are delighted to accept...

- It is with great pleasure...

- We look forward with pleasure to joining you...

- We are sincerely happy to join you...

- Nothing would give us greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation...

Congratulations

- What exciting (wonderful) (thrilling) (happy) news!

- It's good (great) (sensational) news (the most joyful news I have heard for a long time)

- Mother just told us the (momentous) (cheerful) news.

- I was delighted (thrilled) (pleasantly surprised) to hear (to receive) the news (to receive the announcement) (to read in the newspaper)...

- So you've done it (gone or got married)(been promoted)!

- So you and Tom are engaged!

- I congratulate you...

- Congratulations on...

- Warm (sincere) congratulations...

- Congratulations, good luck, and best wishes-all in one breath.

- I was (I am) (we were) so excited (delighted) (thrilled) to hear (by the news)...

- Congratulations and all good (best) wishes!

- You have no idea what a thrill (kick) (great pleasure) I got when I heard...

- Accept my heartiest congratulations...

- Permit me to congratulate you...

- It is always a pleasure to say...

- My warmest (heartiest) (sincerest) congratulations...

- I am gladder than glad...

- We want you to know how happy we were...

- May I join in the chorus of congratulations...

- May an old friend congratulate you...

- It gave me a great deal of pleasure to learn...

- I was delighted to learn...

Good wishes

- I wish (let us wish) you all the happiness in the world (every happiness life can bring) (every happiness) (all possible joy and happiness) (increasing happiness as the years go by) (continued joy and contentment) (the best of luck) (a hundred year of happiness).

We hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness (in your life together) (in your chosen career)

- I wish you many more anniversaries-each happier than the last.

- I hope that each year finds you happier than the one before.

- Many happy returns!

- We hope you will (both) be very happy (always)

- Sidney and I join in sending (both send) our love (best wishes).

- Best wishes from all of us on...

- Our very best wishes...

- Best of the best wishes...

- We certainly wish you all the happiness in the world...

- The best of everything (to both of you).

- The heartiest good wishes...

- Loads and loads of good luck (good wishes) (happiness).

- All the luck in the world to you.

Happy birthday!

- It's your birthday, and once again...

- It's a very special occasion again...

- To some people it's only July 6th, but to me this day will always be remembered as the birthday of my favorite cousin.

- I couldn't let February 12th go by without sending my "Happy - Birthday" wishes to you. May this birthday be an especially happy one.

- Congratulations (greetings) and sincere good wishes on your birthday.

The beat of (all my) love to the best mother (dad) (sister) a guy ever had. Your son sends you the biggest kiss and the tightest hug a letter can carry.

- I know you don't count birthdays any more, but I'm sending my love, just as before.

- Here's a word of cheer on your birthday (warm birthday greetings) from an old friend (your ever loving Aunt) (old faithful).

- Congratulations and all good wishes.

- Hearty congratulations and all good wishes on this milestone (wonderful day) in your life.

- I want you to know that we are thinking of you on your birthday and wishing you the best of everything life has to offer.

With gifts

- I hope this (little) gift will add a bit to your enjoyment (happiness) on your birthday (during the years ahead).

- I hope your received the little remembrance I sent. When you use it, you may remember the trout we used to catch when there weren't so many distractions to keep us at our desks.

Thank you

- Thank you very much (very, very much) (ever so much) (most sincerely) (indeed) (from the bottom of my heart).

- Many thanks for your kind and warm letter.

- Thanks a million (ever so much).

- Please accept my (I wish to express) my sincere(grateful) (profound) appreciation for...

- I sincerely (deeply) (warmly) appreciate...

- I am very sincerely (most) (truly) grateful to you for...

- Your letters are so much fun (comfort) (entertainment) (company)

- Your most courteous (considerate) (delightful) letter...

- Your lovely long (fascinating) (charming) letter...

- I cannot tell you how much your letter delighted (relieved) (amused) (enchanted) me.

- I love the way you say (put) things in your letters. You make even the smallest incident seem so interesting (important) (charming) (mysterious).

- It was good (fine) (charming) (thoughtful) (nice) of you...

- At the outset, I want to thank you for your kindness to me and for your compliments.

- Believe me, I am truly grateful for...

- It is generous of you to take so much interest in my work (to give me so much your time)

- Thank you without end...

- Thank you from the bottom of my heart.

- I regret very much that I did not have an opportunity to thank you personally for...

Thanks for a gift

- As soon as I opened your package, I felt that I must sit right down and tell you...

- To indicate, in a small measure, my gratitude for your cooperation (kindness) (friendship) (courtesy)

- I just wish you could have seen...

- You were kind to send a gift...

- Your lovely gift came this morning...

- You couldn't have give me anything that I wanted (would enjoy) more.

- You must be a mind reader.

- Sidney and I enjoyed with the exquisite vase...

- It was most thoughtful and generous of you to send the beautiful clock.

- Your desk lamp is a perfect gift.

She's a fine girl

- We have heard so much about her (we are eager to meet her).

- I think you're a lucky guy.

- I think it's swell.

- She's wonderful (fine) (splendid) (marvelous) (charming) (very lovely) (pretty) girl in every way.

- She will make you a wonderful (excellent) (charming) wife.

- She has everything a young man would hope for (both feet on the ground) (good sense).

- If I picked her, she must be a winner.

- You're a luckiest guy in the world!

He's a fine fellow!

- We have known Tom for years and have always known he's (thought of him as) tops (considerate) (dependable) (steady) (unusually fine) (a good provider) (lucky fellow) (fine fellow).

- He's a swell (lucky) man (fellow) (chap) (guy)!

- He's has everything a girl could want in a husband (both feet on the ground) (a good background)!

- He comes of a good family.

- I don't know anyone who would make you happier (I would rather have you marry).

- I don't know Tom, but from everything I've heard about him he's quite a fellow. I want to meet him soon (everyone has a good word to say for him) (he has an excellent reputation) (he's reputed to be one of the best).

Both of you

- We never knew two people better suited to each other.

- You were made of each other. I knew it as soon as I met her (him).

It's a wonderful baby!

- Dad must be busting with joy (pride) (happiness).

- He must be wonderful if he's yours (from all the reports I've had) (if I'm to believe Mother) (if he's at all like his parents).

- I hear she's just like her mother (simply beautiful) (very lovely) (charming) (the prettiest baby in the world) even at ten days old.

- I hear she's just like his father (the biggest baby in the hospital) (cute as can be) (the handsomest guy in the world).

- I hope she grows up to be everything you want her to be (just like her mother) (as charming and beautiful, etc., as her mother).

- For one so inexperienced in the ways of the world, she shows remarkable judgment in the selection of her parents.

- He's the handsomest little gentleman I've ever seen!

A great accomplishment

- My hat's off to you!

- I'm proud of you.

- My enthusiasm about you prompts me to write...

- The careful planning and hard work is reflected in the job well done.

- The recognition you have received is well deserved.

- Permit me to send my enthusiastic congratulations.

- Three cheers for you and for the Omicron Company-an outfit that knows good man when it sees one.

- It was a tough assignment, and you handled it with credit.

- It was a splendid performance (great triumph) (brilliant speech).

- It liked especially...

- It is a superb (fine) (record)...

- I admire your judgment (planning)(perseverance) (ingenuity) (achievement) (capacity to get things done) (impressive record).

- It's wonderful to know that you have achieved the goal you set for yourself (completed the dream of a lifetime) (won the recognition you deserve).

A great honor

- How does it feel to be famous!

- I am delighted (thrilled) (very pleased) (excited).

- I can think of no one who deserves it more (no way in which we could express our opinion of you more sincerely) (no honor that can do justice to the fine work you have done).

- We are fortunate in having you among our members (friends).

- It is well-deserved recognition of your excellent work (accomplishments) (leadership) (achievements in the field).

- I am basking in the reflected glory that I gather from knowing you ( your achievement brings to the organization) (your honor brings to all of us).

- I am sure you must be very happy and proud (thrilled) (excited) (pleased) at the great honor (selection of your work) (recognition).

From a distance

- My thoughts are with you in Janesville, even though I cannot be present.

- I wish I could be with you to share the occasion (in the celebration) (the joy).

Offer of help- Please let me know what I can do to help.

- Please call on me if there is anything I can do to help (for any help I can give).

- Please don't (I hope you won't) hesitate to call on me if there is anything I can do (now and always).

- There is, I know, little that even a good friend can do to help at a time like this, but...

- You know you can always count on me (our friendship) can do to help at a time this, but...

- You know you can always count on me (our friendship) (our affection).

Sympathy

- Your many friends are hoping for your quick return to heath (early recovery)(return from the hospital).

- All of us are waiting your return.

- We expect to see you back soon (as good as new in the few weeks).

- We wish you will soon regain your health (be up and about) (be felling a lot better).

- Hurry up and get better.

- We're sure it won't be long before you're back on your feet again.

Hurry up and lick that old germ!

THANH NGU

- It is not without reason that....: Không phải vô cớ mà....

- The question arises of.... : Câu hỏi đặt ra là....

The answer might lie in .... : Câu trả lời có lẽ là ...

- to pour cold water on ... : giội một gáo nước lạnh vào ..... (idioms)

- to grease the wheels : bôi trơn bộ máy (Nhà nước,...)

- to be hard to please : khó chiều

- ..unless you have a death wish: trừ khi mày muốn chết

THUYẾT TRÌNH

1. Starting

- Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. Ladies and gentlemen.

- Shall we begin?

- Let's begin/ get started.

2. Introducing the topic

- Today I am going to talk about ...

- I intend to talk about .../ My topic is ...

- My presentation/ seminar paper is concerned with ...

3. Method of presentation

- I intend to divide this talk into ... parts: a. b. c and d...

- I propose to present my paper in several stages: firstly, a review of a, then an analysis of b, and finally a comparison between c and d.

- I will give examples as I go/ along the way.

4. Starting the Content of the Paper

- Right. To begin (with)...

- Well. To start at part a

- OK then. Let's to go back and start with the first point.

5. Connecting the Parts of the Paper

- Well. That's all I want to say about a. Now let's turn to part b.

- Unfortunately, time is moving on and I will have to leave part a there and go on to b.

- You may wish to question me about this later. But for now I'll have to move on to b.

6. Concluding

- Finally/ In conclusion/ To sum up ...

- So, as you can see, my research has covered these areas ...

- The final point I wish to make is...

7. Inviting questions

- I'll be happy to answer any questions now.

- Do you have any questions or comments?

- If you have any questions, I'll do my best to answer them.

8. Asking Questions from The Audience

- Thank you for your (interesting) presentation. I'd like to ask you about ...

- I found your presentation/ talk very interesting. Could I ask you a question about ...?

- I enjoyed your talk very much. I was particularly interested in what you said about ...

- ... but I don't agree with what you said about...

- In your talk you mentioned/ said that...

- Could I make a comment about...?

9. Answering question/ comment. I think...

- Thank you for your question/comment, I think ...

- That's a rather difficult question to answer here - it might require more research.

- Yes, perhaps. Although in my opinion...

- It's an interesting point, but I don't really agree with you on that.

- Yes, quite. Thank you for pointing that out. (I should have mentioned it in my talk.