Nhóm 1

Analysis: Sự phân tích / əˈnæləsɪs/

Chemical analysis of the woman’s dress revealed traces of blood.

The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.

At the meeting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools.

analyse /

analyze

analyst

analytic = isolating

analytical

analytically

Approach: Phương pháp, tiếp cận

/ əˈprəʊtʃ/

We need to adopt a different approach to the problem

What's the best way of approaching this problem?

approachable /

unapproachable

Area: Phạm vi hiểu biết, chuyên môn

/ ˈeəriə/

Software is not really my area of expertise

Assess: đánh giá / əˈses/

The tests are designed to assess a child's reading skills. It's

difficult to assess the effects of these changes. Interviews

allow you to assess the suitability of candidates.

assessable

assessment

reassess

reassessment

Assume: Cho rằng, giả định / əˈsjuːm/

Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out.

Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.

She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.

In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10.

I had assumed him to be a Belgian.

assumed

assuming

assumption

Authority: Chuyên gia / ɔːˈθɒrəti/

She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature

authoritative

authoritatively

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Nhóm 1

Available: Có thể mua được, sử dụng được / əˈveɪləbl/

This information is available free on the Internet.

The new drug is not yet available to the public.

When will the information be made available?

We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available.

availability

unavailability

unavailable

Benefit: Lợi thế, lợi ích / ˈbenɪfɪt/

He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer.

I had the benefit of a good education

For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals.

beneficial

beneficiary

Concept: Khái niệm

/ ˈkɒnsept/

He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics

Concepts such as ‘civilization’ and ‘government’

conception

conceptual

conceptualize

conceptually

Consist: Bao gồm, gồm có

/ kənˈsɪst/

A dessert consisting of fruit and cream (chứa đựng)

The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. (chính) consistency / inconsistency

consistent /

inconsistent

consistently / inconsistently

Constitute: (~establish, set up) Thiết lập, thành lập

/ ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

The committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament

constituency

constituent

constitution

constitutional /

unconstitutional

constitutionally / unconstitutionally

constitutive

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Nhóm 1

Context: Trong hoàn cảnh

/ ˈkɒntekst/

This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.

His decision can only be understood in context.

contextual

contextualization

contextualize

contextually

Contract: Hợp đồng

/ ˈkɒntrækt/

contractor

Create: Tạo ra, gây nên

/ kriˈeɪt/

The snow created further problems

Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.

The government plans to create more jobs for young people.

creation /

recreation

creative

creatively

creativity

creator

recreate

Data: Thông tin

/ˈdeɪtə/

Define: Chắc chắn

/ dɪˈfaɪn /

I've heard rumours, but nothing definite

Your duties are clearly defined in the contract.

Can you define what it means to be an American?

definable

definition

redefine

redefinition

undefined

Derive: Nhận được, lấy được từ… tìm thấy nguồn gốc từ

/ dɪˈraɪv/

The name derives from Latin.

The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city/ He derived great pleasure from painting

derivation

derivative

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Nhóm 1

Distribute: Phân phối, phân phát

/ dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/

The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims

distribution

distributional

distributive

distributor

redistribute

redistribution

redistributive

Economic: Thuộc kinh tế

/ ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/

The economy is in recession

economical

economically

economics

economist

economy

uneconomic

uneconomical

Environment: Môi trường

/ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour environmental

environmentalism

environmentalist

environmentally

Establish: Thành lập, thiết lập, củng cố

/ ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

The committee was established in 1912

Let's establish some ground rules.

established /

disestablish

establishment /

disestablishment

Estimate: định giá, đánh giá, ước lượng

/ ˈestɪmət/

I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade estimation

overestimate

overestimation

underestimate

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Nhóm 1

Evident: Hiển nhiên, rõ ràng (~obvious)

/ ˈevɪdənt/

It was evident from his voice that he was upset.

The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses

evidence

evidential

evidently

Export: Xuất khẩu

/ ɪkˈspɔːt/

90% of the engines are exported to Europe

exporter

Factor: Nhân tố, yếu tố / ˈfæktər/

The result will depend on a number of different factors

Finance: Tài chính, tiền bạc / ˈfaɪnæns/

Finance for education comes from taxpayers

financial

financially

financier

Formula: Công thức

/ ˈfɔːmjələ/

formulate / reformulate

formulation / reformulation

Function: Chức năng

/ ˈfʌŋkʃn/

The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body

functional

functionally

Identify: Nhận ra, nhận diện (= ID) /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

She was able to identify her attacker

Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they were).

The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.

identifiable

identification

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Nhóm 1

Income: Thu nhập

/ ˈɪnkʌm/

They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services Indicate: (~show, point) Chỉ ra, biểu lộ

/ ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow

Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.

indication

indicative

indicator (=blinker)

Individual: Riêng rẻ, riêng biệt

/ ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

We interviewed each individual member of the community

individualism

individualist

individualistic

individuality

individually

Interpret: Giải thích, làm sáng tỏ

/ ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/

The students were asked to interpret the poem

interpretable

interpretation

interpretative

interpretive

misinterpretation

reinterpretation

Involve: (~entail) Bao gồm, dính dáng đến, liên quan đến

/ ɪnˈvɒlv/

The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.

The job involves my travelling all over the country.

Many of the crimes involved drugs

involved

involvement

uninvolved

Issue: Vấn đề

/ ˈɪʃuː/

This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it

issuer

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Nhóm 1

Labour: Lao động (chân tay) / ˈleɪbər/

The company wants to keep down labour costs

labor

Legal: Hợp pháp / ˈliːɡl/

They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts

legality

legally

illegal

illegality

illegally

Legislate: Lập pháp

/ ˈledʒɪsleɪt/

The government will legislate against discrimination in the workplace legislation

legislative

legislator

legislature

Major = most of/most = serious = huge >big / ˈmeɪdʒər/

We have encountered major problems

majority

Method: Phương pháp, cách thức

/ ˈmeθəd/

A new method of solving the problem

methodical

methodically

methodological

methodologically

methodology

Occur: (~happen) Xảy ra, xảy đến (đột ngột)

/ əˈkɜːr/

Something unexpected occurred

According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m.

occurrence

reoccur

Per cent: Phần trăm

/ pə ˈsent/

Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food percentage

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Nhóm 1

Period: Giai đoạn, khoảng thời gian / ˈpɪəriəd/

The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years periodic

periodical

periodically

Policy: Chính sách, đường lối hành đông (Chính phủ, đảng, Nhà Nước…) / ˈpɒləsi /

They have had a significant change in policy on paternity leave.

Principle: Nguyên tắc / ˈprɪnsəpl/

I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles.

Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.

principled

unprincipled

Proceed = continue = go on = tiếp tục = tiến hành = tiến trình / prəˈsiːd /

We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip.

He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.

Work is proceeding slowly.

procedural

procedure

proceeding

proceeds

Process: Quá trình, sự tiến triển

/ ˈprəʊses/

We're in the process of selling our house

processing

Require: (~need) đòi hỏi, yêu cầu / rɪˈkwaɪər/

what do you require of me?

True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty.

Lentils do not require soaking before cooking. (đậu không cần ngâm…) requirement

Research: (v.n) Nghiên cứu / rɪˈsɜːtʃ/

To research into the causes of cancer

I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there researcher

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Nhóm 1

Respond: đáp lại, hưởng ứng / rɪˈspɒnd/

When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic

respondent

responsive

responsively

responsiveness

unresponsive

Role: Vai trò

/ rəʊl/

It is one of the greatest roles she has played

The role of the teacher in the classroom

This part of the brain plays an important role in learning.

Section (V: cắt, phân chia N: phần cắt ra) / ˈsekʃn/

The library has a large biology section

Sector (area, zone): Khu vực (kinh tế, kĩ thuật)

/ ˈsektər/

the manufacturing sector

Significant: Quan trọng, trọng đại, đầy ý nghĩa

/ sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys There are no significant differences between the two groups of students.

Your work has shown a significant improvement.

significance

significantly

signify

insignificance

insignificant

insignificantly

Similar: Tương tự

/ ˈsɪmələr/

My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.

The two houses are similar in size

The brothers look very similar.

similarity

similarly

Source: Nguồn, nguồn gốc.

/ sɔːs/

Your local library will be a useful source of information.

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Nhóm 1

Specific: Dứt khoát, rõ ràng, chi tiết, chính xác

/ spəˈsɪfɪk/

I gave you specific instructions

‘I'd like your help tomorrow.’ ‘Can you be more specific’?

A specific purpose/reason

Could we arrange a specific time to meet?

specifically

specification

specificity

specifics

unidentifiable

Structure: Cấu trúc

/ ˈstrʌktʃər/

The grammatical structures of a language

structural

structurally

restructuring

restructure

unstructured

Theory: Giả định, học thuyết / ˈθɪəri/

I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home theoretical

theoretically

theoretician

theorist

Vary: Thay đổi (mức độ nhỏ) (ngọai, nội) / ˈveəri /

The menu varies with the season

Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.

What time do you start work?’ ‘It varies.’

The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week

variability

variable

variably

variance

variant

variation

varied

invariable

invariably

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