Middle East

Ca. 570 - Birth of Muhammad in Mecca
622 - Hijra of Muhammad and flowers to Medina
632 - Death of Muhammad; Abu Bakr becomes first caliph
634-651 - Arab conquest in Middle East
632-661 - Rashidun Caliphate
636-637 - Arab military victories over Byzantine and Sassanian forces
642 - Arab conquest of Egypt
651 - Completion of Arab conquest of Persia
661-750 - Umayyad Caliphate
750-1258 - Abbasid Caliphate
969-1171 - Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt and neighbouring areas
1071 - Beginning of Seljuk Turk conquest of Anatolia
1095-1272 - Christian Crusaders in Western Asia and North Africa
1171-1193 - Reign of Saladin in Egypt
1250-1517 - Mamluk rule in Egypt and Syria
1258 - Mongol seizure of Baghdad and end of Abbasid Caliphate
1360 - Mamluk defeat of Mongols in Battle of Ayn Jalut
1260-1360 - Mongul II-Khanid Dynasty in Persia and Iraq
1300-1923 - Ottoman Empire
1369-1405 - Reign of Tamerlane in Central and Southwest Asia
1396 - Ottoman defeat of European forces at Battle of Nicopolis

Europe

711-1492 - Muslim states in Spain
732 - European defeat of Arabs at Battle of Tours
1061-1091 - Norman conquest of Sicily by Arabs
1085 - Spanish Christian seizure of Umayyad capital
1095-1272 - Christian Crusaders in western Asia and North Africa
1300-1923 - Ottoman Empire
1371 - Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria and Macedonia
1396 - Ottoman defeat of European forces at Battle of Nicopolis
1453 - Ottoman capture of Constantinople and end of Byzantine state
1492 - Christian seizure of Granada; expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain

Central Asia

705-715 - Arab conquests of Afghanistan and Central Asia
1218-1360 - Mongol conquests in Central and Western Asia
1369-1405 - Reign of Tamerlane in Central and South Asia

China

581-618 - Sui Dynasty
618-907 - Tang Dynasty
715 - Battle of Talas River
868 - First books from woodblocks on paper
907-960 - Five Dynasties
960-1279 - Song Dynasty
1167-1227 - Life of Genghis Khan
1279-1368 - Yuan Dynasty
1368-1644 - Ming Dynasty
1405-1433 - Voyages of Admiral Zheng He

Korea

668 - Destruction of Koguryo
676-935 - Domination of Korea by Silla
935-1392 - Unification of Korea by Koryo
1392-1910 - Yi Dynasty (Choson)

Japan

646 - Taika reforms
710-784 - Nara period
794-1184 - Heian period
1180 - 1333 - Kamaura Shogunate
1274 - Mongol invasion of Japan
1281 - Mongol invasion of Japan
1338-1568 - Ashikaga Shogunate

Africa

Ca. 500-1203 - Kingdom of Ghana
1000-1200 - Rise of Hausa city-states
Ca. 1200-1450 - Zimbabwe kingdom
1200-1500 - Golden age of East African coastal cities
1220-1897 - Kingdom of Benin
1234-1550 - Mali Empire
Ca. 1275 - Rise of Yoruba kingdom of Oyo
1324-1325 - Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca
Ca. 1375 - Rise of Kongo kingdom
1464-1591 - Songhai Empire
1487 - Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope

The Americas

600 BCE-1100 CE - Tiwanaku
200 BCE-700 CE - Moche
300-1450 CE - Mogollon culture
300-1400 CE - Hohokam culture
600-800 - High point of Maya
700-1400 - Anasazi culture
700-1700 - Mississippian culture
800-900 - Abandonment of southern Maya cities
800-1475 - Chimu Empire
900-1169 - Toltec Empire
Ca. 1000 - Norse settlement in Newfoundland
1050-1250 - Zenith of Chimu Empire
1200 - Zenith of Chimu Empire
1428-1521 - Aztec Empire
1440-1532 - Inca Empire
1492 - Columbus reaches Caribbean

South Asia

600-647 - Empire of Harsha in north India
620-649 - First Tibetan kingdom and introduction of Buddhism
711 - First Muslim invasion of northwest India
846-1216 - Chola Dynasty in South India
1192-1526 - Delhi Sultanate
1336-1565 - Kingdom of Vijayanagara in south India
1398-1399 - Devastation of Delhi by Tamerlane

Southeast Asia

192-1471 - Kingdom of Champa
600-1290 - Srivijaya Empire
802-1431 - Angkor Empire
939 - End of Chinese colonisation in Vietnam
1044-1287 - Pagan kingdom in Burma
1238-1419 - Sukhothai kingdom in Siam
1292-1527 - Madjapahit kingdom on Java
1350-1767 - Ayutthaya kingdom in Siam
1403-1511 - Melak kingdom and Sultanate
1428-1788 - Lee Dynasty in Vietnam (founded by Le Loi)

Early Medieval Western Europe

529 - First Benedictine monastery
732 - Battle of Tours
750-1200 - Viking attacks in Europe
756-1492 - Muslim states in Spain
768-814 - Reign of Charlemagne over Franks
800 - Papal crowning of Charlemagne
843 - Division of Carolingian Empire in Treaty of Verdun
874 - Viking settlement of Iceland
955 - Defeat of Magyars
962 - Revival of Holy Roman Empire by Otto the Great
986 - First Norse settlements in Greenland

Later medieval Western Europe

987-1328 - Capetian kings in France
1066 - Norman conquest of England
1095-1272 - Christian Crusaders to reclaim Holy Land
1198-1216 - High point of mediaeval papacy under Innocent III
1215 - Signing of Magna Carta
1231 - Beginning of Inquisition
1265 - First English Parliament
1309-1377 - Avignon papacy
1337-1453 - Hundred Years War between France and England
1309-1350 - Peak of Black Death
1378-1417 - Great Schism in papacy
1420 - Beginning of Portuguese exploration in Africa
1455-1485 - War of Roses in England
1455 - Printing of Gutenberg Bible
1478 - Beginning of Spanish Inquisition
1487 - Dias arrival at Indian Ocean
1492 - First voyage of Columbus to America; Spanish Christian defeat of last Muslim state

Byzantium and Russia

632 - First Arab expansion into the Byzantine Empire
825 - First Swedish Viking bases in Russia
863 - Cyrullic alphabet created
988 - Conversion of Vladimir of Kiev to Christianity
1054 - Schism between Roman and Byzantine churches
1091 - Battle of Manzikert
1237-1241 - Mongol invasions of Russia and eastern Europe
1453 - Ottoman Turk conquest of Constantinople
1459 - Ottoman Turn defeat of Serbs