1. dinh nghia: Gioi tu la tu loai chi su lien quan giua cac tu loai trong cum tu, trong cau.

Nhung tu thuong di sau gioi tu la tan ngu (Object), Verb + ing, Cum danh tu ...

Vi du:

a. I went into the room.

b. I was sitting in the room at that time.

Ta thay ro, o vi du a., "the room" la tan ngu cua gioi tu "into". o vi du b., "the room" la tan

ngu cua gioi tu "in".

Chu y: Cac ban phai luon phan biet trang tu va gioi tu, vi thuong khi mot tu co hai chuc nang do

(vua la trang tu va gioi tu). dieu khac nhau co ban la Trang tu thi khong co tan ngu theo sau.

Hay xet cac cau sau day:

Vi du:

1. Please, come in. It's raining. (Trang tu)

We are in the small room. (Gioi tu); vi tan ngu cua "In" la "The room"

2. He ran down quickly. (Trang tu) - vi "quickly" khong phai la tan ngu cua "down"; no chi la

trang tu chi cach thuc ma thoi.

3. My dictionary is on the desk. (Gioi tu) - vi no lien ket voi tan ngu: (the desk).

2. Cach su dung gioi tu trong tieng Anh:

Co the noi viec dung cac gioi tu khong phai dễ, vi moi nuoc co cach dung gioi tu dac biet; vay ta

phai rat chu y den no ngay tu luc moi hoc mon ngoai ngu do noi chung va tieng Anh noi rieng.

Trong tieng Anh, nguoi ta khong the dat ra cac quy luat ve cac phep dung gioi tu mang tinh co

dinh cho moi gioi tu do - cung mot gioi tu, khi di voi tu loai khac nhau thi tao ra nghia khac

nhau. Vay chung ta nen hoc thuoc moi khi gap phai va hoc ngay tu luc ban dau.

Vi du:

depend on

independent of

look after

look for

look up to

wait for

think of

make up

look up

live on

3. Cac loai gioi tu trong tieng Anh.

Cac gioi tu trong tieng Anh co the duợc phan thanh may loai sau:

3.1. Gioi tu chi Thoi gian.

after, at, before, behind, by, during, for, from, in, on, since, throughout, foreward, until,

within

3.2. Gioi tu chi dia diem/Noi chon.

about, above, across, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, beyond, by , in, off, on, over,

through, to , toward, under, within, without.

3.3. Gioi tu chi Ly do, nguyen nhan.

at, for, from, of, on, over, through, with.

3.4. Gioi tu chi Muc dich.

after, at, for, on, to.

3.5. Gioi tu thuong:

after, against, among, between, by, for, from, of, on , to , with.

4. Vi tri gioi tu

Thong thuong, gioi tu tieng Anh duợc dat nhu tieng Viet; tuy nhien, no co the dat ngay truoc Tu

nghi van hay dai tu.

Vi du: What is this medal made of?

Of what is this medal made?

hay

The man whom we listened to is our new teacher.

The man to whom we listened is our new teacher.

5. Cach dat tu ngu co gioi tu: Vi tri cua gioi tu trong cau co the lam thay doi nghia cua cau do.

Vi du:

1- A letter was read from his friend in the class room.

A letter from his friend was read in the class room.

(Hai cau tren co nghia khac nhau boi vi gioi tu "from" co vi tri khac nhau)

2- With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning.

With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning.

(Hai cau tren co nghia khac nhau boi vi gioi tu "from" co vi tri khac nhau)

6. Mot gioi Goi tu thong thuong:

1. AT, IN, ON

1. AT : dung truoc thoi gian ngắn: gio, phut giay ...

At 10 o'clock; at this moment; at 10 a.m

2. ON : dung truoc thoi gian chi: ngay, thu ngay (trong lich ...)

On Sunday; on this day....

3. IN : dung truoc thoi gian dai: thang, mua, nam, ...

In June; in July; in Spring; in 2005...

2. IN, INTO, OUT OF

1. IN: dung chi vi tri (dia diem - khong chuyen huong)

In the classroom; in the concert hal; in the box....

2. INTO: dung chi su chuyen dong tu ngoai vao trong.

I go into the classroom.

3. OUT OF: dung chi su chuyen dong tu trong ra ngoai.

I go out of the classroom.

3. FOR, DURING, SINCE:

1. FOR : dung de do khoang thoi gian

For two months...

For four weeks..

For the last few years...

2. DURING : dung de chi hanh dong xay ra trong suot thoi gian cua su vat, su kien:

During christman time; During the film; During the play...

3. SINCE : dung de danh dau thoi gian

Since last Saturday, since Yesterday.

4. AT, TO

1. AT: dung chi su co dinh o mot vi tri nao do tuong doi nho, vi neu dien tich noi do lon hon ta

dung "in".

At the door; At home; At school

In Ha Noi; In the world

2. TO: dung chi su chuyen dong toi mot noi nao do.

Go to the window; Go to the market

5. ON, OVER, ABOVE. (o tren)

1. ON: dung chi vi tri dung lien ngay o tren

On the table; on the desk ...

2. OVER: dung chi cac lop/thu tu o lan tren (ao, quan)

I usually wear a shirt over my singlet.

3. ABOVE: Voi nghia la tren nhung chi su cao hon so voi vat khac thap hon.

The ceiling fans are above the pupils.

The planes fly above our heads.

6. TILL, UNTIL (toi, cho toi khi)

1. TILL: dung cho thoi gian va khong gian.

Wait for me till next Friday (thoi gian)

They walked till the end of the road. (khong gian)

2. UNTIL: dung voi thoi gian.

He did not come back until 11.pm yesterday. (thoi gian)