1: What is phonetic?

Phonetics study sounds or phonemes, it deals with yhe theoretical aspect of sounds.

2: What is phonology?

Phonology study sounds or phonemes, it deals with the practical aspect of sounds.

3: What is phonetic transcription?

The transcription in which phonemes are transcribed phonetically (with allophones). The phonetic symbol is [] (square brackets). This type is more complex, more detailed and give more information about a phoneme.

As a result, it is the study_object of phonology(phonemics)

Ex: [I]-----[I:]/ [ĩ]/ [io] / [I>]

4: What is difference between phonetic trancription and phonemic trancription?

Phonemic transcription : the transcription in which phonemes are transcribedphonemically. The symbol is//(slant bars). This type is easy and qick to learn. It is preferred due to these reasons: simple phonemic symbols and easy printing. As a result, it is the study object of phonetics

Ex: take /teik/

5: What is difference between the phonetic transcription and phonetic discription?

Phonetic trancription is use of phonetic symbol to various sound including symbol to show indetail how particulary is pronouned.

Whereas Phonetic discription is decription of the way that sounds are made

EX: "k" cat[ Kh ee To]

Sky[ skai] ( Kh----Ko) ":{ What happen to E plosive when they are preceded by a voicless alveolar fricative??}"

6: What is phoneme? And how many phonemes are they in English?

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish 2 words

Ex: Pan /p/, Ban/b/

there are 44 phonemes: 24 consonants and 12vowels, 8 diphthongs.

7: Give the classification of E phonemes. List all consonants phonemes in E. Providing ex in each state by giving approach trascription of the word containing consonant.?

1: [p] voiceless bilabial stop

2: [b] voiced bilabial stop

3:[t] voiceless alveolar stop

4: [d] voiced alveolar stop

5: [k] voiceless velar stop

6: [g] voiced velar stop

7: [f] voiceless labio-dental fricative

8: [v] voiced labio-dental fricative

9: [8] voiceless inter-dental fricative

10:[đ] voiced inter-dental fricative

11:[s] voiceless alveolar fricative

12:[z] voiced alveolar fricative

13:[S] voiceless alveo-palatal fricative

14:[3] voiced alveo-palatal fricative

15:[tS] voiceless alveo-palatal affricate

16:[d3] voiced alveo-palatal affricate

17:[h] voiceless or voiced glottal fricative

18:[L] voiced lateral

19:[m] voiced bilabial nasal

20:[n] voiced alveolar nasal

21:[9] voiced velar nasal

22:[ r] voiced alveolar semi-vowel

23:[j] voiced palatal semi-vowel

24:[w] voiced bilabial semi-vowel

8: What is an allophone?

An allophone is any of the different from of a phoneme.

Ex: [p]-----[Ph]: put, pen: aspirated and [Po]: spend: unaspirated

+: Dipthongs: they are sounds consisting of a movement or glide from one vowel to another. In terms of length,dipthongs are like long vowels.

9: Difference between a phoneme and an allophone?

1: A phoneme is a meaning-distinguish soundin a language. If we substitute one sound for another in a word and there is a change of meaning, then the 2 sounds represent different phonemes

Ex: tie and die. They are not allophones.

2: Otherwise if we substitute allophones, we have different pronounciation of the same wors.

Ex: phoneme [t] has got 2 allophones

[Th]: aspirated as in Tape

[To]: Unaspirated as in letter.

3: Phonemes are transcribes phonemically(am vi hoc) in slant bars //, and allophones are transcibed phonetically(ngu am hoc) in square brackets [].

4: we have 2 kinds of transription: narrow transcription (phonetic transcription) and broad transcription(phonemic transcription).

10: What is vowel?

A vowel is a speech sound in which the airstream from the lungs is not blocked in any way in the mounth or throaut and which is usually pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords.

Vowels are classified according to these 5 standards:

1: Tongue height : is the vertical distance between the upper surface of the tongue and the palate(= degree of opening of the mounth).The tongue may be raised high, mid or low. Correspondingly the position of the jaw may also be close, mid or open

2: Tongue position: this means the front, central or back of the tongue is raised or lowered.

3: Lip rounding: different shapes and position of the lips. They may be rounded, unrounded or neutral.

4: Muscle tension: tenseness in the muscles of the jaw and throat. The muscles may be lax or tense , short vowels are often lax vowels meanwhile tense vowels are often long vowels.

5: Vowel length: 5 long vowels and 7 short vowels.