nguphap1kyu(tiep)
GR
• Because ~; ~ as expected; because ~, n
とあって
Introduces an expected reason for some circumstance that is different from the usual situation.
1
0
0
GR
• Because ~; ~ as expected; because ~, n
とあって
Introduces an expected reason for some circumstance that is different from the usual situation.
1
0
0
GR
(de)sura
～（で）すら
just / even if
1
21
0
GR
(yo)uga,(yo)uto
(よ)うが, (よ)うと ようが ようと
"even if", "no matter what" (people say etc.), strong expression that contains the idea of concession
1
5
0
GR
(yo)uto~mai, (yo)uga~mai
(よ)うと～まい, (よ)うが～まい, ようと～まい,よう
Regardless of whether or not
1
4
0
GR
arebakoso
あればこそ
particularly thanks to
1
7
-1
GR
atteno
あっての
Thanks to (various things), (outcome)
1
7
0
GR
bekarazaru
～べからざる
must not; cannot
1
5
0
GR
beku
～べく
For the purpose of; To ____, In order to
1
5
0
GR
buchouhou
不調法or 無調法
A rudeness or blunder, carelessness
1
0
0
GR
dani
～だに
Even; just
1
12
-2
GR
deare
～であれ
No matter what; Even if; No matter how
1
8
0
GR
deare~deare
～であれ～であれ
Whether X or Y; A structure that means "no matter which one is the case"
1
6
0
GR
dehaarumaishi
ではあるまいし
"It's not as if" giving a reason why something should not be how it is
1
3
0
GR
denakute-nandarou
～でなくてなんだろう
If thats not ... I don't know what is
1
3
0
GR
denakuteha
でなくては
if not.. then noone
1
8
0
GR
donna
どんな
Whatever; whoever, etc.
1
7
0
GR
doumo
どうも
apparently, naturally
1
7
-1
GR
douyara
どうやら
it seems, apparently, somehow
1
14
0
GR
1
0
0
GR
evaluation-group
わりに・にしては・向きに
for
1
5
0
GR
futo
ふと
suddenly, by coincidence
1
24
-1
GR
gahayaika
～がはやいか
as soon as
1
9
-1
GR
gasaigo
～が最後
If s.o. does s.t for even a moment, the following result will necessarily occur • Once someone starts something, the person can’t stop it
1
6
0
GR
gatera
がてら
while doing something
1
4
-1
GR
gotoki,gotoku,gotoshi
ごとき, ごとく,ごとし
Like, As if; resembelence, analogy, similarity
1
16
0
GR
haiumademonaku
は言うまでもなく
goes without saying/not to mention
1
21
0
GR
hakadoru
はかどる
Make progress
1
4
0
GR
haoroka
～はおろか
let alone B; not to mention; of course A but also B;
1
11
0
GR
hatashite
果たして
really, as was expected
1
7
0
GR
hitori-dakedenaku,hitori-nominarazu
ひとり～だけでなく, ひとり～のみならず
not only (A) but also (B)
1
7
0
GR
hodo
～ほど
the more... the more... as along with
1
16
0
GR
ikan
いかん
based on
1
16
-1
GR
ikanaru-demo
いかなる～でも
whatever ~
1
6
0
GR
ikanimo
いかにも
seems (but is not); indeed
1
19
0
GR
ikanniyorazu
いかんによらず
without regard to
1
4
0
GR
Imada ni
未だに
Still, yet
1
5
0
GR
imagoroninatte
今ごろになって ~も
it's already too late
1
7
0
GR
imakaraomoeba
今から思えば
Looking back on it now
1
3
0
GR
imasara-tatokorode
今さら～たところで
it's already too late, It's no use doing s.t. now
1
5
0
GR
irai
依頼
Request or commission
1
1
0
GR
irarenai
居られない
cannot exist, not possible, can't afford to
1
3
-1
GR
itadaku
頂く
to receive (polite)
1
5
0
GR
itasu
致す
to do (humble)
1
2
0
GR
kaketa
かけた
started but not finished
1
13
0
GR
kanete
兼ねて
combine with
1
5
1
GR
kanogotoku
かのごとく
as if
1
3
0
GR
karasuruto-2
からすると
from (the point of view)
1
10
-2
GR
karoujite
かろうじて
barely
1
8
0
GR
katagata
かたがた
at the same time, incidentally
1
3
0
GR
kawakirini
かわきりに,皮切りに
beginning of, starting with
1
6
0
GR
kigatsuita
気が付いた
I realized
1
4
-1
GR
kinjienai
きんじえない
can't help feeling
1
5
0
GR
kiraigaaru
きらいがある
there is a tendency for ~ to happen (and it is somewhat bad and/or a cause for concern)
1
3
0
GR
kiwamarinai/ kiwamaru
極まりない/ 極まる
unlimited, extremely, boundlessly
1
3
-1
GR
koreijyou-ba
これ以上～ば
if ~ any more than this
1
4
0
GR
kotonashini
ことなしに
In examples such as "Without A, I can't do B" where, without Action A, there is no possibility of B
1
3
0
GR
kototote
こととて
because/since - explains the cause or gives a reason for
1
6
0
GR
madashimo
まだしも
would be much better, would be acceptable
1
4
0
GR
mademonai
までもない
No need to
1
0
0
GR
majiki
～まじき
not likely
1
3
0
GR
mamire
まみれ (塗れ）
covered in st (名詞＋に＋まみれる); (名詞＋まみれ)
1
6
0
GR
masaka
まさか
incredible!
1
5
0
GR
masakano
まさかの～
If unexpectedly there is anything , ～
1
6
0
GR
mashite～hazuganai
まして～はずがない
it is even more unlikely that ～
1
2
0
GR
meku
めく
like / ish
1
3
0
GR
miseru
みせる
am determined to
1
5
0
GR
monowo
ものを
But...! / But If (you) had just... / But (I) could have...
1
7
0
GR
mosarukotonagara
もさることながら
is (such) but (____) is also
1
8
0
GR
nagaramo
ながらも
Notwithstanding, even while, even though, as she was
1
10
-1
GR
nagarani
ながらに
since (A) started, it has been continuously in the same state
1
10
0
GR
naimademo
ないまでも
expressing the speaker's feeling that although an ideal action or state isn't possible, at least the next best action or stat is or should be available
1
4
0
GR
nakushite
なくして
If it wasn't for...
1
6
0
GR
naradeha
ならでは
unless / impossible if it's not / only possible with/by/at/etc / very difficult by any other~,
1
10
-1
GR
naraizashirazu
ならいざ知らず
I'm not sure if it is [possible/so] but...
1
3
0
GR
naratomokaku
ならともかく
I'm not sure if it is [possible/so] but...
1
2
0
GR
nari
なり
As soon as
1
6
0
GR
nari2
なり
expresses continuing state
1
2
0
GR
narini
なりに
in one's own way, one's own style
1
16
0
GR
nari~nari
～なり～なり
either.... or....
1
6
0
GR
nashini
なしに
without (the thing "without" is s.t. that should naturally have been there)
1
8
0
GR
ni ataranai
に あたらない
no need to do st
1
3
0
GR
ni koshita koto ha nai ga
～に越したことは無いが
Normally Its better to (You can never have too much)
1
5
0
GR
niatte
にあって
being in/due to/suited to
1
13
0
GR
nihikikae
にひきかえ
in sharp contrast with; compared to
1
8
0
GR
niitaru
に至る
leads to, all the way to, as far as
1
11
0
GR
niitatte
に至って
very; very much; greatly; extremely.
1
5
0
GR
nikakawaru
にかかわる
Brings about an effect on; relates to; a matter of
1
12
0
GR
nikatakunai
～にかたくない
not hard to ...(名詞＋にかたくない/ Vる＋にかたくない）
1
2
0
GR
nimomashite
にもまして
above everything; more than before
1
8
0
GR
nishite
～にして
only; because of that
1
4
-2
GR
nisokushite
に即して
in line with, in keeping with
1
15
0
GR
nisoutousuru
に相当する
equivalent
1
12
0
GR
nitaenai1
～にたえない
cannot stand; cannot do; no value to
1
7
-1
GR
nitaenai2
～堪えない
Emphasizing a strong emotional reaction either good or bad
1
3
0
GR
nitaeru
～にたえる
has value; it is worth doing
1
4
0
GR
niyoruto
によると
according to
1
10
-1
GR
niyotte
によって
by; according to; due to; owing to; due to
1
12
0
GR
noitari
～の至り
completely; utmost
1
5
0
GR
nokiwami
の極み
the utmost ,ngu phap 1 kyuu
1
7
0
GR
otya wo nigosu
お茶を濁す
to avoid giving a direct answer
1
0
0
GR
ppanashi
～っぱなし
Keep ~ing / To leave ~
1
4
0
GR
sanagara
さながら
Just like
1
9
0
GR
sasuga
さすが
as expected, after all
1
6
0
GR
seiippai
精一杯
as hard as possible
1
4
0
GR
seizei
せいぜい
my utmost, at most
1
12
-1
GR
せめて
at least, at most a small thing
1
10
-2
GR
sengatame
せんがため
In order to do
1
4
0
GR
shimatsuda
始末だ
Unfortunately, (it has become ~)
1
4
0
GR
sobakara
そばから, 傍から
as soon as, right after
1
1
0
GR
sobireru
～そびれる
Fail to ~
1
2
0
GR
Sorekkiri
それっきり
Since, since then
1
3
0
GR
sukini
隙に
While ～ To take advantage of a moment of time to do something (there is an element of cunning in its meaning)
1
4
0
GR
tadadesae
唯でさえ
To add to, something alone is normally enough
1
4
0
GR
tada~nominarazu
ただ～のみならず
Not only ~ (but also ~); not only that. Used in comparison, juxtaposition, and analogy - literary language. Formal, written.
1
3
0
GR
takadaka
たかだか
At most
1
1
0
GR
taritomo
たりとも
Even only / Even merely / Even just
1
6
0
GR
tehairarenai / tebakarihairarenai
～てはいられない・～てばかりはいられない
can't / can't afford ～(doing something)
1
2
0
GR
tehajimete
て初めて
not until, only after
1
8
0
GR
tekartoiumono
てからというもの
Ever Since s.t. changed
1
2
0
GR
toaimatte
と相まって
Coupled with, together with
1
4
0
GR
toareba
～とあれば
"if it happens to be" • since it is a special condition
1
3
0
GR
toatte
とあって
Because ~; ~ as expected; because ~, naturally ~; Introduces an expected reason for some circumstance that is different from the usual situation.
1
4
0
GR
tobakarini
とばかりに
as if; as if ~ were convinced that; as if ~ believed that; as if ~ decided that
1
5
0
GR
tohaie
とはいえ
Although it is said that, even though it is said, admitting that, that being said, however, nevertheless
1
9
-1
GR
toiedomo
といえども
even, although, though, even though
1
5
0
GR
toii~toii
～といい～といい
In terms of both ~ and ~; in terms of ~ as well as ~; from the perspective of both ~ and ~
1
4
0
GR
toiwanbakarini
と言わんばかりに
as if to say
1
7
0
GR
tokorowo
ところを
despite a certain time / despite a certain situation
1
3
0
GR
tomonaku;tomonashini
～ともなく,～ともななしに
Without really planning to, ~ A phrase indicating that the subject does s.t. without paying much attention or that when, where, to whom, etc. s.t. took place is unclear.
1
12
0
GR
tomonaruto
ともなると
When it comes to (special situation), Naturally, (X) follows
1
3
0
GR
tonikaku
とにかく
in any case, anyway
1
9
0
GR
toomoikiya
と思いきや
contrary to my expectations, I expected ~but
1
5
0
GR
toshitatokorode toshitatte nishitatokorode
~としたところで, ~としたって, ~にしたところで ,
even if, though
1
5
0
GR
toshitatokorode toshitatte nishitatokorode
~としたところで, ~としたって, ~にしたところで ,
even if, though
1
5
0
GR
toshitatokorode toshitatte nishitatokorode
としたところで, としたって, にしたところで, に
even if, though
1
5
0
GR
tosuru
とする
assume, regard X as ~ , suppose
1
7
0
GR
tsu~tsu
～つ～つ
Used to express passive and active actions happening at once.
1
9
0
GR
ukkari
うっかり
carelessly, without thinking
1
10
0
GR
wo kagiri ni
～を限りに
with ～, some continuing activity will end (or a prohibition on an activity will start)
1
3
0
GR
womonotomosezuni
～をものともせずに
In the face of, in defiance of, in spite of
1
8
-1
GR
womotte1
をもって
at (time / momen)
1
3
0
GR
womotte2
～をもって
By means of, via, through - method by which you do / achieve something
1
4
0
GR
woyosoni
をよそに
Without consideration for... / Despite... / Without thinking...
1
4
0
GR
yainaya
や否や
just as soon as
1
15
0
GR
yamanai
やまない
1
3
0
GR
yamuwoenai
やむをえない
no other way to do something しかたがない
1
2
0
GR
younimonai
ようにも～ない
even though ~ try / want to ~; although ~ be thinking of doing; A conjunctive phrase that indicates concession: "even though s.o. tries to do s.t., he/she cannot do it for some reason"
1
5
0
GR
yueni
故に,故の
Due to, therefore (formal, written)
1
3
0
GR
zemeni
攻めに
Overwhelmingly
1
3
0
GR
zukume
～尽くめ
Full of / A lot of
1
7
0
GR
zumogana
ずもがな(=無くもがな )
Vn, As well not to ~
1
3
0
GR
conditional + soremadeda
～それまでだ
Conveys the idea that if something occurs, then a bad end is reached.
1
6
0
GR
～katawara
～かたわら
not only, ...also (This expression is only used in writing)
1
2
0
GR
～mademonai
～までもない
It's not necessary (to bother) to; do not have to;
1
11
0
GR
～wo oite
～をおいて
apart from/leaving aside
1
3
0
# ex.
checked
GR
-konasu
～こなす
have the knack to deal with something; completely
2
12
0
GR
ageku
挙げ句
in the end, afterall
2
12
-1
GR
amari
余り
not much, , too much
2
7
0
GR
at in on
で・に・前
time and place prepositions
2
14
0
GR
at-the-time-group
そのとき
at the time
2
0
0
GR
bakarika
ばかりか
not just, but also
2
12
0
GR
bakarini
ばかりに
because (of a negative thing); simply because; simply on account of
2
6
0
GR
basis-of-action-group
ように・とおりに・を中心に・に沿って・をもとにして
as, along with, like
2
0
0
GR
ba~hodo
条件形～ほど
the more +V(+A), the more ...
2
22
0
GR
bekarazu
～べからず
must not
2
10
0
GR
bekida
べきだ
V, ought to, must
2
9
0
GR
bonyari
ぼんやり
absent-minded(ly); blank(ly)
2
2
0
GR
butting in
邪魔する
hey, do you have a sec?
2
3
0
GR
close_actions
Advanced proximity of actions
Advanced proximity of actions （が早いか、や否や、そばから）
2
0
0
GR
dake
だけ
1) just, only, simply, merely; 2) as much as X wants/like/can (whatever, anything)
2
26
-1
GR
dakeatte
だけあって
because, as expected (used for positive things)
2
9
0
GR
dakeni
だけに
as expected, after all
2
6
0
GR
dakeno
～だけの
As much as; As fast as; To the extent of.
2
6
0
GR
dakenokotohaaru
だけのことはある
is surely because ～; not surprising that ～; It was worth ～
2
6
0
GR
darake
だらけ
covered with; littered with; infested with,full of
2
16
-1
GR
dearou to
であろうと
No matter what; Even if; No matter how
2
3
0
GR
depend-correspond-group
によって・次第で・いかんで
depending on, according to
2
0
0
GR
detamaranai/tetamaranai
～でたまらない・～てたまらない
so...that one can't stand it; unbearably;extremely
2
2
0
GR
dokorodehanai, dokorodehanaku
どころではない、どころではなく
not at all; far from; anything but; out of the question
2
21
-1
GR
dokoroka
どころか
far from A, in fact B; not just; even
2
33
0
GR
eru
得る
to get, to win, to be possible
2
9
0
GR
feasibility
Expressions of non-feasibility
Formal expressions of non-feasibility （～ざるを得ない、やむを得ない、～かねる）
2
0
0
GR
fuu
風
Style
2
4
0
GR
fuuni
という風に
in that way
2
4
0
GR
gachi
がち
tend to
2
17
0
GR
gari
がり
Vm, tend to, sensitive to
2
3
0
GR
gatai
がたい
Vm, ~ difficult to
2
10
0
GR
げ
Ab, seems (～そう）
2
9
0
GR
Gerrund form of Verb + naka de
進行形の動詞＋中で
Out of (Clause A) there is B, C, D etc etc
2
0
0
GR
Gerrund form of Verb + nakade
進行形の動詞＋中で
Out of (Clause A) there is B, C, D etc etc
2
0
0
GR
気味
Vm、N slight tendency toward, seems like, feels so..
2
10
-1
GR
hamochiron
はもちろん
not to mention; not only, but also;
2
14
0
GR
hamotoyori
はもとより
to begin with ... and also ...
2
5
0
GR
hanmen
～反面
on the other hand
2
4
0
GR
hasateoki
～はさておき
leaving aside, aside from
2
6
1
GR
hatomokaku
はともかく
leaving A aside, A is good, but B is another thing
2
4
0
GR
hitoridemoooku
一人でも多く
More than one person
2
0
0
GR
hododa; hodono
ほどだ; ほどの
almost/nearly; to the point of; like that; such as that
2
3
0
GR
hokanai
ほかない
nothing else to do but...
2
9
0
GR
ichido-tara
一度～たら
once
2
2
0
GR
ijou
以上
Vru, since; now that; once; as long as
2
6
0
GR
ijou-2
以上
exceeding, above
2
17
-2
GR
ippou
一方
on the other hand, on the other side, one-way
2
15
0
GR
ippouda
一方だ
increasing tendency
2
5
0
GR
ippoudeha
一方では
on the one hand . . . [can also mean "on the other hand"]
2
6
0
GR
itadakimasu
頂きます
to receive
2
6
-1
GR
itashimasu
致します
do (humble)
2
4
0
GR
jou
上
point of view
2
10
0
GR
joude
上で
N, On
2
3
0
GR
kadoukanouchini
かどうかのうちに
just at the time when
2
2
0
GR
kaette
かえって
on the contrary
2
9
0
GR
kagiri
限り
as far as, as long as, until, unless
2
41
0
GR
kagirida
限りだ
extremely
2
1
0
GR
kakaru
掛かる
BEGIN TO～；BE ABOUT TO DO～；ALMOST DO～
2
4
0
GR
kakaru 2
掛かる ２
AT～; ON～
2
1
0
GR
kakeda
かけだ
in the middle of something
2
0
0
GR
kakeda; kakeno; kakeru
かけだ・かけの・かける
in the middle of; not yet finished V-ing
2
7
0
GR
kakeru 2
掛ける ２
AT～; TO～
2
0
0
GR
kanaikanouchini
か～ないかのうちに
just as, at that instant
2
8
0
GR
kanarazushimo
必ずしも
not necessarily
2
8
1
GR
kanenai
かねない
Vm, capable of (a bad thing)
2
21
-1
GR
kaneru
兼ねる
hesitate to, cannot, hard to do
2
12
-1
GR
kanjipic
漢字写真
a tool to look up photos based on kanji
2
0
0
GR
kankei
関係
relationship, relation (between/to)
2
0
0
GR
kanoyouda
かのようだ
like, as if (metaphor)
2
11
-1
GR
kara-nikakete
から～にかけて
from ... until
2
5
-1
GR
karaiuto
からいうと
from the standpoint of
2
6
-1
GR
karakoso-2
～からこそ
especially because (non-intuitive nuance)
2
4
0
GR
karamiruto
から見ると
seen from the point of view
2
9
0
GR
karaniha
からには
so long as, since
2
7
-2
GR
karashite
からして
(1)Even; (2)Given, (Judging) From/By
2
8
0
GR
karasuruto
からすると
from, you can judge, based on
2
14
-1
GR
karatoitte
からといって
just because
2
20
1
GR
katawara
かたわら
beside
2
5
-1
GR
katoomouto
かと思うと
as soon as I noticed, almost immediately
2
4
-1
GR
katoomouto-2
かと思うと
When I think it may
2
4
0
GR
kawarini
かわりに
in place of; instead of
2
12
0
GR
kawarini-2
代わりに
to make up for, in exchange for
2
4
0
GR
kawaru-group
かわる
instead of / in place of
2
0
0
GR
kekka
結果
as a result of
2
5
0
GR
kigasuru
気がする
to feel, realize
2
26
-1
GR
kikkake
きっかけ
2
21
-1
GR
kikkakeni
きっかけに
Since; Take the opportunity afforded by ～ to ～
2
10
0
GR
kiri1
きり
just, only
2
8
0
GR
kiri2
きり
just, for good, once and for all (keeps on same state)
2
11
0
GR
kiru
切る
verb-totally
2
17
-2
GR
kiwamaru
～極まる
Extremely; The height of…; Knows no bounds. Always has a negative meaning.
2
7
0
GR
kke
～っけ
~?, like か
2
14
0
GR
kkonai
っこない
Vpm, impossible to
2
6
0
GR
komu
込む
...into
2
1
0
GR
kononinaru
2
0
0
GR
koso
～こそ
this, especially (emphasis),very
2
9
0
GR
koto ga aru
ことがある
There are times when
2
8
0
GR
koto ha nai
ことはない
no need to
2
5
0
GR
kotoda
ことだ
should
2
9
0
GR
kotodakara
ことだから
as always
2
7
0
GR
kotoka
～ことか
a lot
2
9
0
GR
kotokara
～ことから
because
2
13
0
GR
kotonaku
事無く
without
2
15
-1
GR
kotoni
～ことに 「は」
Very; Quite; The ～ thing is that....
2
7
0
GR
kotoni-group
ことに～
I decided, it was decided, it is a rule
2
0
0
GR
kotoninaru
ことになる
To be decided, to be arranged
2
7
0
GR
kotoninatteiru
ことになっている
became a rule; been decided that; expected to; supposed to
2
23
-1
GR
kudasai
下さい
please
2
13
0
GR
kurabemononinaranai
比べものにならない
there is no point comparing....
2
5
0
GR
kurai
くらい
about, as
2
15
0
GR
kurai.....wanai
くらい～はない
A is the most B thing. There is not a more B thing than A is.
2
4
-1
GR
kurainara-hougaii
くらいなら～～ほうがいい
Show a strong feeling of opposition.
2
9
0
GR
kuseni
くせに
although, despite
2
17
0
GR
looks/seems/heard-group
よう・そう・らしい・聞いた
looks like or seems like
2
0
0
GR
mai-1
～まい
won't (do something)
2
3
0
GR
mai-2
～まい
probably won't
2
22
0
GR
mai-4
～まい
Don't do ~
2
3
0
GR
maika
まいか
will not [expresses a little uncertainty]
2
6
0
GR
maika-2
まいか
won't you?
2
1
0
GR
marude
丸で
as if, practically
2
41
-1
GR
marude-2
まるで
completely, entirely
2
7
0
GR
miseru-2
みせる
to show
2
14
0
GR
mo-ba-mo
も～ば～も
not only, but also
2
6
0
GR
moba
も～ば
Both(,,,,)and(,,,,,)
2
2
0
GR
mokamawazu
～もかまわず
dont mind, dont care about
2
3
0
GR
～もの
because, should, like to
2
3
0
GR
monoda
ものだ
a thing that, the thing
2
5
-2
GR
monoda-2
ものだ
(thing) you know? isn't it?
2
17
-1
GR
monodakara
～ものだから
so, therefore (explaining something unavoidable)
2
4
0
GR
monode
もので
because of (that thing)
2
3
0
GR
monodesukara
ものですから
because
2
11
0
GR
monogaaru
～ものがある
there is such a thing (essence), feels like
2
12
-1
GR
monoka
ものか
absolutely not...
2
8
0
GR
mononara
～ものなら
if .. is possible, then...
2
17
0
GR
～ものの
although
2
9
-1
GR
muki
向き
for, facing, toward, aimed at
2
12
0
GR
mushiro
むしろ
rather
2
3
0
GR
na-3
～な
Vm na (positive command - sentence ending particle)
2
2
0
GR
nado; nanka; nante
など; なんか;なんて
and so on; and the like; for example; things like～
2
7
0
GR
nagara
ながら
Vm, despite while, although
2
14
0
GR
naibakarika
ないばかりか
Not only
2
2
0
GR
naidehairarenai
ないではいられない
cannot help but, cannot stop doing
2
10
-1
GR
naikotohanai
ないことは(も)ない
it isn't the case that ～ not ～; it is not that ～ not～
2
6
-1
GR
naikotoniha
ないことには
if (it's) not; unless
2
13
-1
GR
nakucha
なくちゃ
Must;Have to
2
3
0
GR
nanode
なので
since
2
8
0
GR
ndesu
～んです
explain causes, reasons, grounds
2
4
0
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