Quan hệ có thể được sử dụng thay cho một đại từ quan hệ và giới từ. Cách làm này sẽ làm cho câu dễ hiểu hơn.

Ví dụ: This is the shop in which I bought my bike. ➨ This is the shop where I bought my bike.

Trạng từquan hệ

Nghĩa

Cách sử dụng

Ví dụ

when

in/on which

Đại diện cho cụm thời gian

the day when we met him

where

in/at which

Đại diện cho nơi chốn

the place where we met him

why

for which

Đại diện cho lí do

the reason why we met him

1. WHY:

Trạng từ quan hệ why mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.

.....N (reason) + WHY + S + V ...

Ví dụ 1: I don't know the reason. You didn't go to school for that reason. → I don't know the reason why you didn't go to school.

Ví dụ 2: I don't know the reason. You didn't go to school for that reason. =>I don't know the reason why you didn't go to school.

2. WHERE:

Trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.

....N (place) + WHERE + S + V .... (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ví dụ 1: a/ The hotel wasn't very clean. We stayed t that hotel. → The hotel where we stayed wasn't very clean.

Ví dụ 2: This is my hometown. I was born and grew up here. => This is my hometown where I was born and grew up.

Ví dụ 3: The restaurant where we had Lunch was near the airport.

3. WHEN:

Là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian.

....N (time) + WHEN + S + V ... (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ví dụ 1: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

➨ Do you still remember the day when we first met?

➨ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?

Ví dụ 2: I don't know the time. She will come back then. ➨ I don't know the time when she will come back.

That was the day. I met my wife on this day. ➨That was the day when I met my wife.

Lưu ý cần nhớ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)

Ví dụ: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.

➨ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.➨ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.

2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.

Ví dụ: She can't come to my birthday party. That makes me sad. → She can't come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.

3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.

Ví dụ: I'd like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.

4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ:whom, which.

Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was very interesting.

5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of ... có thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose.

Ví dụ 1: I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.Ví dụ 2: Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers. ---> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.Ví dụ 3: He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn't answer most of them. ---> He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn't answer.

6. KHÔNG dùng THAT, WHO sau giới từ.

Ví dụ: The house in that I was born is for sale.