1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể

S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V

says/say to + O -> tells/tell + Osaid to + O ->told+O

Eg: He said to me"I haven't finished my work" -> He told me he hadn't finished his work.

2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi

a.Yes/No questions:

S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/whether+S+V

Ex: "Are you angry?"he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.

b.Wh-questions:

S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O

* said to + O -> asked + O.

S +  asked/asked sb/wondered/wanted to know + Clause  (Wh-word + S + V(thì))

(Lưu ý: Không đảo ngữ trong vế này)

Ex: "What are you talking about?"said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

3. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh

*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-infinitive.

Ex: "Please wait for me here, Mary.

"Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

*Phủ định: : S + told + O + not to-infinitive.

S + asked/told/ordered/advised/wanted/warned + sb + (not) to V-inf

Ex: "Don't talk in class",the teacher said to us. –>The teacher told us not to talk in class.

Chú ý 

 Tenses (Thì)

Present simple (V/Vs/es) HTĐ                        Past simple (Ved)QKĐ

Present.P. (is/am/are+Ving)HTTD       Past.P (was/were+Ving) QKTD

Present.P (have/has+VpII) HTHT        Past. P (had+VPII) QKHT

Past simple (Ved) QKĐ                  Past perfect (had +VpII) QKHT

P.P (was/were +Ving)QKTD          P.P.P (had +been +Ving) QKHTTD

Future simple (will +V) TLĐ           Future in the past (would +V) TLTQK

Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) TLGần    Was/were +going to +V

2. Modal verbs
(Động từ khuyết thiếu)            Can                Could

                                                              May              Might

                                                             Must             Must/Had to

3. Adverb of place
(Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)         This            That

                                                         That             That

                                                         These          Those

                                                         Here           There

4. Adverb of time
(Trạng từ chỉ thời gian)

Now                              Then

Today                          That day

Yesterday                   The day before/ the previous day

The day before yesterday              Two days before

Tomorrow                 The day after/the next (following) day

The day after tomorrow           Two days after/ in two days' time

Ago                          Before

This week             That week

Last week             The week before/ the previous week

Last night              The night before

Next week              The week after/ the following week

5.Subject/Object
(Chủ ngữ/tân ngữ)

I / me                 She, he /Her, him

We /our             They/ them

You/you             I, we/ me, us