- Cac nghiep vu lien quan den HP

a. Nvu ki phat va thanh lap HP: sau khi giao hang thi NXK se phai thanh lao to HP va ki phat. Cac chi tiet ghi tren HP phai dc 2 ben thoa thuan truoc va phai trung khop voi cac chi tiet tren bo chung tu ghi kem chi tiet ve so tien, ngay thang dao han, dia chi ki phat...

Cac chi tiet ghi tren HP phai hop ly va hop phap.

b. Nghiep vu chap nhan HP: Viec chap nhan HP phai dc the hien tren be matcua to HP thong qua cum tu " Acceptance" viec chap nhan cung la chap nhan vo dk.

+ Ngoai viec ki chap nhan ngay tren be mat to HP con dc ki bang 1 vb khac, tren vb do nguoi ki chap nhan ghi ro so tien chap nhan cung nhu ngay thang chap nhan tra tien vb nay dc kep cung voi to HP tro thanh 1 bo duy nhat. Tren cac chung tu chap nhan rieng, nguoi ki chap nhan thuong chi chap nhan 1 phan so tien ghi tren HP. Chung tu rieng nay co the la van ban huu hinh, co the bang dien bao, fax.

c. Nghiep vu chiet khau HP.

+ Ly thuyet chiet khau: la viec NXK nhuong lai toan bo bo chung tu cho cac NHTM de dc thanh toan truoc khi chua den thoi ki dao han cua HP. Day la 1 trong nhung nghiep vu tai tro XNK trong do cac NHTM se cap tin dung cho NXK, ng ban hang.

+ So tien ma NXK se nhan dc bao gio cung nho hon gia tri cua so tien ghi tren be mat cua to HP. So tien chinh thuc nhan dc: Tien CK= TT- (TT*r%* t)/365- hoa hong CK

T= ngay dao han- ngay ki xuat trinh

d. Nghiep vu nho thu HP:

+ nho thu phieu tron: NXK se gui tieng bo chung tu tai chinh cho phia NNK va gui bo chung tu ve van tai va chung tu TM cho cac NH tai chinh phuc vu minh de nho thu.

+ nho thu kem chung tu: toan bo chung tu do NXK lap ra dc gui thang den cac NH, neu bo chung tu hop ly va hop phap thi cac NHTM se gui den thanh toan cho NXK.

e. Ky hau chuyen nhuong: la viec nguoi huong loi ban dau thua nhan viec chuyen nuong 1 phan so tien( thong thuong la toan bo cho 1 nguoi khac khi den han). Ve mat hinh thuc viec ki hau dc thuc hien tai mat sau cua to HP.

+ Viec ki hau chuyen chia ra lam nhieu loai:

Ki hau dich danh: truoc khi ki hau ten nguoi (limit...) chuyen nhuong or ten nguoi huong loi se dc ghi ro tai mat sau cua to HP. Den day HP se k dc chuyen nhuong nua. Loai ki hau nay an toan nhat.

Ki hau chuyen nhuong thong thuong: nguoi huong loi ban dau cua to HP k ghi ten nguoi dc chuyen nhuong chi ki ten va de trong. Luc nay HP co kn luu thong cao nhat. Muon chuyen nhuong cho nguoi ke tiep thi chi chuyen nhuong bang trao tay. Ki hau co kha nang luu thong cao nhat.

Ki hau theo lenh: la viec ki hau vao mat sau cua to HP co kem theo dong chu "pay to the order of MrA. MrA la nguoi dang nam giu HP co the la nguoi huong loi ban dau hoac co the la nguoi dc chuyen nhuong. Luc nay viec thanh toan hoan toan dc dieu hanh theo y tri cua ong A. Neu ong A im lang va k co hanh dong j tiep theo thi den ki thanh toan chinh ong A dc huong looi. Nguoc lai neu muon chuyen nhuong cho nguoi khac chi can ghi them" pay to..." co ghi ten nguoi huong loi. Vua co kha nang luu thong cao vua dam bao tinh an toan cao.

Ki hau mien truy doi: la viec nguoi ki hau truoc khi ki hau chuyen nhuong se ghi dong chu mien truy doi( whitout recource). Voi cach ghi nhu vay, nguoi chuyen nhuong da phai tu bo trach nhiem thanh toan to HP. Khi nguoi ki chap nhan khong con kn thanh khoan hay noi cach khac nguoi ki chuyen nhuong theo cach nay da rut khoi qua trinh luu thong to HP.

f. Bao lanh HP: Gom 2 loai.

+ Bao lanh cong khai: la viec bao lanh dc thuc hien ngay tren be mat cua to HP, to chuc bao lanh se ghi dong chu A val de chung thuc trach nhiem chi tra so tien tren HP khi den han. Trong TH cac ben ki chap nhan k co kn thanh toan.

+ Bao lanh mat: ben bao lanh va ben dc bao lanh se thoa thuan bang 1 vb khac. Trong do co 2van de qt nhat thoi hieu bao lanh va so tien dc bao lanh, khi hp se dc bao lanh se co kha nang luu thong cao hon, vi tinh dam bao thanh toan tang len.

g. Cam co, khang nghi, giai trai'

+ Cam co HP: la viec nguoi huong loi HP dung to HP nhu 1 tai san the chap tai cac to chuc tin dung de vay 1 khoan tai chinh nhat dinh trong 1 khoang tg xd neu nhu nguoi cam co thuc hien dc cac nghia vu ve tai chinh cua minh thi to chuc cam co se hoan tra lai. Nguoc lai nguoi cam co se tro thanh nguoi chu so huu HP cua to HP.

+ Khang nghi: nguoi huong loi to HP va nguoi ki chap nhan deu co quyen khang nghi neu cac ben lien quan den to HP khong thuc hien dung va day du cac nghia vu cua minh. Viec khang nghi phai dc thuc hien bang vb trong vong 2 ngay lam viec tiep theo ke tu ngay dao han.

+ Giai trai: la viec to HP dc loai khoi quy trinh luu thong khi no dc thanh toan xong hoac het thoi han hieu luc hoac bi toa an or trong tai quoc te tuyen vo hieu.

- Tat ca cac hoi phieu khi ky phat dung luat va phu hop voi cac cam ket cua cac ben thi deu co kha nang chuyen nhuong dc. Loai hoi phieu co the chuyen nhuong dc trong thuong mai hien nay gom hoi phieu vo danh va hoi phieu theo lenh. Hoi phieu theo lenh chi co the chuyen nhuong dc neu tren phieu co thuat ngu theo luat ULB. Theo UCC va BEA thi hoi phieu chi co the chuyen nhuong dc neu tren be mat hoi phieu ko co thuat ngu ' Not to order'.

+ co 2 phuong phap chuyen nhuong co ban:

Chuyen nhuong = cach trao tay: chi ap dung voi hoi phieu vo danh. Loai nay co kha nang luu thong cao nhat nhung xet ve muc do an toan thi no la thap nhat.

Phuong phap chuyen nhuong = cach ky hau hoi phieu. Loai nay vua dam bao kha nang luu thong vua dam bao dc tinh an toan.