Cau76: trinh bay cac dot ktra chu ky d/v tau bien dc dang kiem phan cap. neu cac quy dinh trong hthong ktra lien tuc tau thuy?

TL: tat ca cac tau bien dc dkiem phan cap phai thuc hien cac dot ktra chu ky sau day:

1. ktra hang nam: cac dot ktra hang nam phai dc tien hanh trong khoang tgian truoc or sau 3 thang tinh tu ngay an dinh ktra hang nam cua dot ktra phan cap or dot ktra dinh ky truoc do.

2. ktra tren da: ktra tren da phai dc thuc hien trong khoang tgian ko vuot qua 2,5nam giua 2lan ktra tren da. 1trong 2lan ktra phai trung voi ktra dinh ky.

ktra tren da: khi co ycau cua chu tau co the cho phep gia han nhung ko qua 6 thang tinh tu ngay het han nhung voi dkien phai dua tau vao ktra gia han.

3. ktra trung gian: cac dot ktra trung gian phai dc tien nhanh cho tat ca cac tau thay cho dot ktra hang nam lan thu2 or 3 cua chu ky(tren duoi 3thang) ycau phai thuc hien tat ca cac dot ktra hang nam

4. ktra dinh ky:

- thoi han ktra: ktra dinh ky phai dc tien hanh trong khoang tgian 5nam. ktra dinh ky lan thu1 tinh tu ngay ket thcu dong tau or tinh tu ngay ktra dinh ky de phan cap

theo yacu cua chu tau de ktra dinh ky co the ap dung hthong ktra phan cap lien tuc

5. ktra Noi Hoi:

- Noi hoi ong nuoc chinh ktra trong khoang thoi han 2,5 nam den khi chung dc 7,5 tuoi saua do lan luot ktra tung nam mot.

mac du co ycau tren, khi dang kiem thay can thiet co the ycau ktra ben trong va ben ngoai noi.

-Noi dung ktra: trong dot ktra, noi nao dang kiem vien thay can thiet , cac thiet bi chui ap luc phai dc thu thuy luc va do chieu day ton than noi va dg ong. kthuoc cua thanh giang de xdinh ap suat lviec an toan. cac ctiet gan tren noi phai dc mo ktra van an toan phai dc dieu chinh o trthai co hoi den ap suat ko lon hon 3% ap suat thiet ke.

van an toan, tbi bao dong, dung cu do ap suat phai dc thu de xac nhan rang chung dang o trang thai lam viec tot.

6. ktra truc chan vit:

- thoi han ktra:

+d/v truc loai1 co ong bao trucboi tron bang nuoc: 4 nam

+d/v truc loai1 co ong bao truc boi tron bnag dau: 5nam

+d/v truc chan vit loai2: 2,5nam

* kiem tra lien tuc:theo ycau cua chu tau va sau khi dc dang kiem chap nhan thi co the thcu hien mot hethong ktra lien tuc, trong do moi ycau cua cuoc ktra dinh ky dc tien hanh lan luot de hoan thanh tat ca cac ycau cua dot ktra dinh ky trong vong 5nam va khoang tgian ktra ke tiep cua tung phan hoac tung hang muc ko dc vuot qua 5nam.

- neu phat hien co khuyet tat trong dot ktra nay thi phai mo them de ktra cac ctiet or hang muc khac neu dnag kiem vien thay can thiet va khuyet tat nay phai dc sua chua thoa man ycau cua dang kiem vien.

- neu nhu 1so ctiet may dc mo ra va ktra nhu la cong viec bao duong hang ngay cua may truong thi trong nhung dieu kien nhat dinh va theo ycau cua chu tau dkiem co the xem xet va co the hoan mo ktra cac ctiet nay voi dkien dot ktra xac nhan tai cang tiep theo co dang kiem vien ma tau vao.

Cau77: cho biet noi dung va ycau cua cac hang muc phai thuc hien trong dot ktra dinh ky may tau bien?

TL: trong moi dot ktra dinh ky , phai thuc hien cac ycau ktra sau:

- he truc: phai ktra tat ca cac truc, o chan va o do duong truc. ko can thiet phai mo de ktra phan duoi cua cac o do neu do dong tam cua he truc con tot va do mai mon con nam trong gioi han cho phep.

- may phu: neu dkiem vien thay can thiet thi phai mo de ktra may nen khi, cac bau lam mat, bau loc va may phan ly dau, cac co cau an toan va tat ca cac bom, cac ctiet co cong dung quan trong.

- phai ktra tat ca cac tbi lai chinh va lai phu ke ca tbi di kem, ht dieu khien va xac nhan rang chung dang trong tinh trang lviec tot. neu dkiem vien thay can thiet , thi cac tbi tren phai mo ra de ktra va thu voi ket qua dat ycau.

- cac toi neo va toi buoc day phai dc kiem tra va thu hdong. neu dkiem vien thay can thiet thi phai mo chung ra de ktra them.

- phai mo va ktra bau bay hoi. ktra cac van an toan trong dieu kien dang lam viec.

- phai ktra cac bulong be do va cac can cua M/E va may phu, hop banh rang, o do chan va o do duong truc.

- phai tien hanh vsinh sach se ben trong va ben ngoai tat ca cac binh chua khi nen va binh chiu ap luc khac co cong dung quan trong cung voi cac ctiet va van an toan cua chung. neu ca binh dc ktra ben trong thi phai dc thu o asuat=1,5 asuat lviec

- he thong hut kho: khi dkiem vien thay can thiet , phai dc mo ktra van, khoa voi va bau loc cua ht hut kho bao gom : bom, can dkhien tu xa va chuong bao dongmuc nuoc de xac nhan rang chung dang trong tinh trang hd tot.

- ht dau dot, dau boi tron va cac bau ham bau lam mat phai dc mo kiem tra va thu hoat dong khi Dang kiem vien thay can thiet phai kiem tra tat ca cac co cau an toan

- Cac ket dau: ket dau dot kieu roi phai dc kiem tra ben trong va ben ngoai.Trong dot kiem tra dinh ki lan thu nhat co the hoan viec kiem tra ben trong cac ket neu qua ket qua kiem tra ben ngoai thay chung dang o tran g thai lam viec tot.Tat ca cac chi tiet , phu tung va co cau ngat tu xa phai dc kiem tra khi thuc te cho phep.Phai tien hanh tu hoat dong thiet bi dong mo tu xa cac ket dau dot va dau boi tron de xac nhan chung dang o tinh trang hoat dong tot

- Phai kiem tra phu tung du tru

- Neu tren tau co lap cac thiet bi dieu khien tu dong hoac tu xa dung cho cac may moc co cong dung quan trong thi chung phai dc thu de chung m,inh rang dang o trang thai hoat dong tot

- dong co dot trong(ching va phu co cong dung quan trong):nhung chi tiet sau day phai mo de kiem tra:xi lanh, nap xl cac van va cac co cau van, cac bom dau va phu tung ,cac bom quet khi, cac quat quet khi va co cau dan dong chung,tu bin tang ap,bittong,can bittong,dau chu thap,co cau dan huong,thanh chuyen, truc khuu,va tat ca o do su co dinh than dong co va co cau phong no cac te,truc cam banh rang dan dong truc cam cac bom lai va bau lam mat dem giam chan va cac khop noi he truc

- Thiet bi an toan:doi voi may chinh, dong co dan dong may phu quan trong, dong co lai may phat.Phai dc thu:thiet bi bao ve qua toc, tb ngat tu dong,bao dong trong truong hop mat ap luc dau bon tron hoac dau boi tron qua thap.Thiet bi dong mo tu dong trong truong hop do chan ko cua thiet bi ngung tu thap duoi muc cho phep

- Thiet bi dien trang thiet bi dien :trang thiet bi dien tre n tau phai dc kiem tra: kiem tra ca chi tiet nap rap tren bang dien chinh,bang dien khu vuc,bang dien nhanh,phai kienm tra cac thiet bi bao ve qua tai dong va cau chi de xac dinh chung dang hoat dong tot /Cap dien phai dc kiem tra khi thuc te cho phep ma ko xao tron vi tri cua chung / Tat cac may phat dien phai dc chay o che do mang tai rieng biet hoac hoat tai.Neu thuc te cho phep phai thu hoat dong cua bo dieu tot bo ngat dong cua may phat va ro le /Phai thu dien tro cach dien cua may phat dong co bang dien bau ham mang chieu sang cap dien.phai dieu chung cho thoa man yeu cau /Phai thu nguon dien su co va cac thiet bi co lien quan /Thu he thong den hanh trinh /Thu phuong tien thong tin lien lac /Thu phuong tien ngat su co dong co dien lai bom dau dot, bom dau hang,, quat thong gio, quat hut gio, cua noi hoi de xdinh chung dang trong tinh trang tot./ phai thu khoa lien dong phuc vu cho cho viec thhao tac an toan cua tbi dien, dco va cac tbi dkhien chung.

- tbi lam lanh hang: neu trenm tau co lap tbi lam lanh hang ko dc dang kiem phan cap thio phai tien hanh ktra nhu sau : ktra trthai cua co cau an toan, nap va tbi de dbao rang chung dang o trthai tot. kttra de may moc ko co dau hiey ro cong chat lam lanh. cac ctiet bau ngung, bau bay hoi va binh chua phai dc boc het lop cach nhiet de thu ap luc. ap suat thu phai bang 90% asuat thiet ke. tuy nhinen co the thay viec thu ap luc bang pp khac dc dkiem vien cong nhan la thich hop. neu co lap van an toan va cac van nay dc dieu chinh hdong duoi asuat tke thi co the giam asuat thui den 90% asuat dat van toan. theo y kien cua dkiem vien co the mien thu giam ap luc neu ko dung NH3

- phai kiem tra buong may, buong noi hoi dbiet chu y den co che chay va no. phai ktra loi toat nan su co

- tren tau cho dau va cac tau cho hang nguy hiem ngoai thuc hien cac ycau tren can phai thcui hien cac ycau sau: phai mo toan bo bom hang, bom hut kho, bom dau va bom vet dat trong buong bom. de ktra khi dkiem vien thay can thiet, ke ca ktra be bom,. phai thu hdong cca co cau ngat bo dkhien tu xa bang dien or bang co gioi trong buong bom hang. phai ktra tat ca cac trang tbi dien va caop dein lap dat trong cac vung nguy hiem de dbao...tien hanh thu dien tro cach dien cua cac mach dien trong cac vung nguy hiem va dhinh...

Cau78: cho biet noi dung va ycau cua cac hang muc trong dot ktra hang nam d/v tbi may moc tau thuy?

TL:

1. trong moi dot ktra hang nam pahi tien hanh ktra toan bo may chinh, he thong truyen dong, he truc, dco dan dong ko phai la may chinh, noi hoi, thiet bi ham dau, lo dot chat thai, binh ap luc, may phu, ht dg ong, va ht dieu khien. ktra toan bo buong may buong noi hoi va buong thoat nan su co dac biet chu y den chay no,ktra cac tbi lai chinh va phu ke ca cac tbi di kem va ht dkhien.

2. thu hdong ke ca chuyen doi nguon cung cap dien: thu hdong su dong ngat tu dong va ta xa cua hthong. thu hdong ke ca chuyen doi nguon dien, thu tbi bao dong, dong ho chi bao goc be lai va dong ho chi bao hanh trinh cua ht may lai. thu tbi thong tin lien lac giua buong lai, may va buong may lai.

3.

4. ktra cac van, khoa voi bau loc cua ht hut kho ke ca cac van hut su co. phai thu ht hut kho ke ca bom, can dkhien va chuong bao muc nuoc

5. thbi an toan: d/v M/E, dco dan dong may phu quan trong dco lai may phat dien phai thu cac tbi an toan sau day de xac nhan rang chung dang trong tinh trang hdong tot. tbi bao ve qua toc, tbi ngat tu dong va bao dong trong truong hop mat lcu dau boi tron, or ap luc dau boi thap duoi muc cho phep. phai thu tbi ham dau, lo dot chat thai, tbi an toan, bao dong va dong ho ap luc.

6. thu hdong cac tbi dong mo tu xa cua cac ket dau dot, dau boi tron, cactbi dien co cau dong ngat va tbi khac. va phai thu hdong khi thuc te cho phep. thu hdong toan bo ngon dien su co va cac tbi di kem va chung minh dc rang chung dang trong tinh trang hoat dong tot. neu chung dc tu dong hoa thi phai thu hdong tu dong.

7. phai thu phuong tien ngat su co cac dco dien lai bom dau dot, quat thong gio, hut gio cua noi hoi, tbi dkhien tu dong hoac tuxa cua cac may moc quan trong.

Cau79 : hay neu ycau cua cac tbi day xuong cuu sinh?

TL:theo cong uoc quoc te ve an toan sinh mang tren bien 1974 ycau nhu sau:

- moi xuong cuu sinh phai chuyen dong = dco tu nen no. ko dc sdung tren xuong cuu sinh dco dung nhlieu co diem bat chay tu 43ºc tro xuong.

- dco phai dc trang bi ht khoi dong bang tay or htkh bang nang luon co 2 nguon doc lap co the nap lai dc. cac htkd va cac phuong tien kdong dco phai kdong dc dco khi nhiet do moi truong la 15ºC trong vong 2 phut tu luc bat dau khdong. tru khi y kien cua chinmh quyen hanh chinh co xet den cho cac chuyen di the ma tau co xuong cuu sinh do thuc hien thuong xuyen thi nhiet do khac moi la thich hop. ca htkhdong ko bo can tro o khu vuc dat dco, cac ghe ngoi..

- dco phai co knang lamviec trong vong ko it hon 5phut sau khi kdong o trang thai nguoi va xuong cuu sinh o tren can

- dco phai co knang lviec khi xuong bi lot nuoc den duong tam truc khuyu

- truc chan vit phai dc bo tri sao cho co the tach cvit ra khoi dco. phai co co cau dao chieu de chay tien lui

- ong khi xa phai bo tri sao cho ngan ngua nuoc lot vaop dco khi lviec binh thuong

- tat ca cac xuong csinh phai dc thiet ke co luu y den su an toan cua nhung nguoi duoi nuoc va chu y den kha nang cac vat noi lam hu hong ht day

- van toc xuong csinh day tai co the hdong o van toc 6haily/gio trong vong ko it hon

- he truyen dong cua dco phai dc dat trong kop kin ko bat lua. cac ac quy kdong pahi dc boc kin nuoc phia day va thanh nhung co the mo ra de thong gio

- dco va tbi phu cua xuong csinh phai dc thiet ke de han che su phat song dien tu sao cho hdong cua dco ko anh huong den su lviec vo tuyen cua cac tbi cuu sing su dung tren xuong

- phai co cac tbi de nap cac ac quy, may vo tuyen, den pha. ko dung ac quy vo tuyen de kdong dco.

Cau80:trnh bay cac tbi lap dat tren bang dien chinh cua tau?

TL:

1. cac dong ho do dien dc lap dat tren bang phan chi dien chinh:

- vonke

- ampe ke

- tan so ke

- ap ke

- dong bo ke

- mega om ke

- pha ke

2. cac tbi dong ngat, bao ve:

- ap to mat

- cong tac chuyen mach

- role bve cong suat nguoc

- cac cau chi

- num dieu chinh dong kich tubang tay

3. cac thiet bi khac:

- bo dieu chinh dien ap tu dong

- bien dong dung cho do luong

- bien ap dung cho do luong

- cac den chi bao: bao trang thai may phat, cac den dung cho viec hoa may phat...