KEY TERMS - CHAPTER 14

KEY TERMS – CHAPTER 14

behavior                                              How people act.

organizational behavior                     The study of how people act at work.

employee productivity                                   A performance measure of both efficiency and effectiveness.

absenteeism                                       The failure to report to work.

turnover                                              The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.

organizational citizenship                 Discretionary behavior that is not part of an

behavior                                              employee’s formal job requirements, but that

                                                             promotes the effective functioning of the

                                                             organization.   

job satisfaction                                   An employee’s general attitude towardhis or her job.

workplace misbehavior                      Any form of intentional behavior that has negative consequences for the organization or individuals within the organization.

Attitudes                                             Evaluative statements—favorable or unfavorable—concerning objects, people, or events.

cognitive component                          That part of an attitude that’s made up of the beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information held by a person.

affective component                           That part of an attitude that’s the emotional or feeling part.

behavioral component                        That part of an attitude that refers to an intention to behave in a certain way.

job involvement                                  The degree to which an employee identifies withhis or her job, actively participates in it, and considershis or her job performance to be important to self-worth.

organizational commitment                An employee’s orientation toward the organization in terms ofhis or her loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in the organization.

perceived organizational support      Employees’ general belief that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

cognitive dissonance                          Any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

attitude surveys                                 Surveys that ask employees how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors, or the organization.

personality                                          The unique combination of emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts and interacts with others.

big-five model                                     Five-factor model of personality.

locus of control                                   The degree to which people believe they control their own fate.

Machiavellianism                               The degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends justify means.

self-esteem                                         An individual’s degree of like or dislike for himself or herself.

self-monitoring                                   An individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external situational factors.

impression management                    When individuals attempt to control the impression others form of them.

emotions                                             Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.

emotional intelligence (EI)                The ability to notice and to manage emotional cues and information.

perception                                           The process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions in order to give meaning to the environment.

attribution theory                               A theory that explains how we judge people differently depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

fundamental attribution error            The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when judging other’s behavior.

self-serving bias                                 The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

assumed similarity                             The belief that others are like oneself.

stereotyping                                       Judging a person on the basis of one’s perception of a group to which he or she belongs.

halo effect                                           A general impression of an individual based on a single characteristic.

learning                                               Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

operant conditioning                          A type of learning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.

social learning theory                        A learning theory that says people learn through observation and direct experience.

shaping behavior                                Systematically reinforcing each successive step to move an individual closer to the desired behavior.

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