cac tinh chat cua 1 vat bieu hien trang thai cua vat do ta co the dung 1 tap hop cac tinh chat de xac dinh trang thai cua 1 vat, moi tinh chat thuong dac trung cho 1 dai luong vat ly, cac dai luong vat ly nay dc goi la thong so trnag thai

nhung he thuc giua cac thong so trang thai cua 1 vat goi la phoung trinh trang thai cua vat do

ap suat la 1 dai luong vat ly co gia tri = luc nen vuong goc len 1 don vi dien tich, p= F: ^S

don vi ap suat N/m , atmotphe ky thuat , 1 at= 9,81x 10^4n/m2

1at= 736mmhg

nhiet do

la dai luong vat li dac trung cho muc do chuyen dong hon loan phan tu cua cac vat

dai luong k,..

2

1 tap hop cac vat dc xac dinh hoan toan boi 1 so cac thong so vi mo doc lap voi nhau, dc goi la he vi mo hay he nhiet dong.

nang luong la 1 ham trang thai,the nang cua he trong truong luc va phan nang luong ung voi van dong ben trong he tuc la noi nag cua he

w= wd+ wt +U

Tuy theo tc chuyen dong va tuong tac cua cac phan tu cau tao nen vat ,ta co the chia noi nang thanh cac phan tu sau

dong nang chuyen dong hon loan cua cac phan tu 9 tt va quay0

the nang gay boi luc tuong tac phan tu

dong nang va the nang chuyen dong dao dong cua ca nguyen tu trong phan tu

nang luong cac vo dien tu cua cac nguyen tu va ion, nl trong hat nhan ng tu

3 cong

la 1 dang truyen nang luong la tang muc do cd co trat tu cua 1 vat

nhiet

la nang luong dc trao doi truc tiep giua cac phan tu chuyen dong hon loan cua nhung vat tuong tac voi nhau

ca 2 deu la nhung dai luong do muc do trao doi nl giau cac he

su khac nhau sau sac giua cong la nhiet la o cho cong lien quan toi cd co trat tu, con nhiet lien quan den cd hon loan cua cac phan tu cua he

nhung co moi lien he chat che voi nhau : cong co the bien thanh nhiet

444 nguyen ly 1

do bien thien nag luong toan phan denta W cua he trong 1 qua trinh bien doi vi mo co gia tri bang tong cong A va nhiet Q ma he nhan dc trong quan trinh do

denta W = A+Q

NEu co nang he k doi -> denta W= dentaU va he thuc tro thanh

denta U=A+Q

nghia la trong qua trinh bien doi, do bien thien noi nang cua he co gia tri = tong cua cong nag va nhiet nang ma he nhan dc trong qua trinh do

y nghia

tu he qua cua ng ly co the nay k co 1 may nao lam viec tuan hoan sinh cong ma k nhan them nl tu ben ngoai hoac sinh cong lon hon nang luong truyen cho no