CHUONG 3: Cac cong cu va phuong phap QLNN ve KT

I. Cong cu QLNN ve KT.

1. Khai niem: CC QLNN ve KT la nhung phuong thuc huu hinh va vo hinh ma nha nuoc su dung de tac dong len moi chu the kinh te trong XH nham thuc hien muc tieu QL KTQD

2. Cac cong cu QLNN ve KT:

2.1 Phap luat: la he thong cac quy tac su? Su co tinh chat bat buoc the hien ys chi cua giai cap thong tri va cong dong XH. Do NN dat ra, thuc thi va bao ve nham muc tieu bao toan va phat trien XH theo cac dac trung nhat dinh.

Vai tro: +tao tien de phap ly vung chac de dieu chinh cac quan he kinh te, duy tri su on dinh lau dai cua nen kinh te quoc dan, thuc hien muc tieu tang truong kinh ben vung.

+tao co che phap ly va huu hieu de thuc hien su binh dang ve quyen loi va nghia vu cua cac chu the kinh te nham nang cao hieu qua kinh te quoc dan.

+tao co so ply can thiet de ket hop hai hoa phat trien kinh te voi phat trien XH va bao ve moi truong.

-Van ban luat: cac van ban do quoc hoi, uy ban thuong vu quoc hoi ban hanh: hien phap, luat phap, nghi quyet

+cac van ban do cac co quan co tham quyen trong uong ban hanh bao gom: nghi quyet, lenh, quyet dinh, chi thi.

+Do hoi dong nhan dan, uy ban ND cac cap ban hanh de trien khai, thuc hien cac van ban cap tren

-Doi moi: Ncuu va ban hanh cac dieu luat co lien quan den viec tao moi truong phap ly chinh thuc on inh cho su hinh thanh, phat trien cac quan he thi truong phap ly chinh thuc, on dinh cho su hinh thanh, ptrien cac quan he thi truong.

+Quan triet nguyen tac binh dang trong qua trinh xay dung va thuc thi he thong phap luat.

2.2 Ke hoach:

a. KN: : la qua trinh xay dung, quan triet, chap hanh va giam sat, kiem tra viec thuc hien phuong an hanh dong trong tuong lai

b. Noi dung

+Chien luoc ptrien kinh te XH mang duong loi chung, tinh tong quat va coi do la pp chu yeu tong the phat trien kinh te XH trong 1 giai doan dai( khoang 10nam)

+Quy hoach phat trien KTXH: cu the hoa 1 buoc cua chien luoc pt KTXH. Tap hop cac muc tieu va bo tri sap xep ve khong gian va thoi gian, cac nguon luc de thuc hien cac muc tieu.

+Ke hoach hang nam: la ke hoach cu the cho tung nam mot. Su cu the hoa KH trong thoi han ngan nham phat trien KTXH.

+Chuong trinh: la de xdinh 1 cach dong bo cac muc tieu can dat dc, cac buoc cong viec can tien hanh va cac nguon luc can huy dong de thuc hien 1 y do nao do.

+Du an: tong the cac hoat dong, cac nguon luc va chi phi duoc bo tri theo khog gian va thoi gian nham thuc hien muc tieu KTXH cu the.

+Ngan sach: la ban tuong trinh cac con so, su phan bo, huy dong cac nguon luc cho veic xay dung cac chuong trinh, du an trong giai doan phat trien.

c. Vai tro: la can cu de QL KTQD.

+Coi KH la 1 khau quan trong, la 1 bo phan cau thanh cua QLKTQD.

+COi la 1 cong cu quan trong de NN dieu hanh kt VM~.

d. Doi moi KH VM~.

+KH phai gan voi thị truong.

+Chuyen KH cu the truc tiep sang KH dinh huong gian tiep.

+Nang cao chat loung cong tac lap KH dong thoi tang cuong chi dao viec thuc hien cac KH.

2.3 Chinh sach KTXH:

a. KN: la 1 tap hop cac giai phap nhat dinh de thuc hien cac muc tieu bo phan trong qua trinh dat toi cac muc tieu chung cua su phat trien kinh te XH

b. Cac chinh sach KT XH:

-Kinh te: Co cau kinh te, chinh sach tai chinh, chinh sach tien te, chinh sach gia ca.

-Xa hoi: Chinh sach danso va ke hoach hoa gia dinh., lao dong va viec lam, van hoa, giao duc, an ninh quoc phong, bao hiem.

c. Vai tro: tao ra nhung kik thik du lon can thiet de bien duong loi chu truong cua Dang thanh hien thuc.

+la bo phan nang dong co do nhay cam cao nhat, cua nhung bien dong trong doi song KTXH cua dat nuoc nham giai quyet nhung van de buc xuc ma XH dat ra.

d. Hoan thien cac chinh sach ve KTXH:

+ giu vung duong loi phat trien theo huong XHCN ve su nghiep dan giay nuoc manh.

+ tang truong kinh te gan voi cong bang va tien bo XH.

+ Muc tieu va dong luc chinh cua su phat trien kinh te phai vi con nguoi va do con nguoi.

2.4 Tai san quoc gia:

a. KN: theo nghia rong no bao gom tat ca moi nguon luc cua dat nuoc. Theo nghia hep: gom nguon von va cac phuong tien vc, ki thuat ma NN su dung de quan ly kinh te quoc dan.

b. Cac loai TSQG:

+Cong so la noi lam viec cua cac co quan hanh chinh NN, cac can bo cong chuc NN tien hanh hoat dong QLNN ve KT.

+Ngan sach NN la ho so thu chi cua NN da dc phe duyet dc cac co quan co tham quyen cua NN quyet dinh va thuc hien trong 1 nam. Dam bao thuc hien cac chuc nang, nhiem vu cua minh.

+tai nguyen thien nhien la nguon luc rat quan trong. Coi no la tu lieu san xuat hang dau va la thanh phan quan trong bac nhat cua su ton tai va phat trien cua moi XH.

+Ket cau ha tang: bao gom cac he thong ve nang luong he thong cap thoat nuoc, bao ve moi truong

+Cong kho la kho bac nha nuoc du tru ve tien te va cac kim loai quy de de' phong cac truong hop bat trac.

+DN nha nuoc do NN dau tu, to chuc hoat dong QLKD hoac hoat dong cong ich nham phuc vu cac muc tieu pt KTXH, thuc hien cac ke hoach dc NN giao

+he thong thong tin NN la 1 tap hop con nguoi cung voi cac thiet bi phan cung, phan mem va du lieu nham thuc hien cac hoat dong thu thap, bao quan xu ly, phan phoi thong tin.

c. Vai tro: la co so vatchat ma kinh te NN dua vao do de ton tai va phat trien tao nen tang cho cac DN ngoai quoc doanh phat trien

+la 1 cong cu toi quan trong ma NN su dung de can thiep truc tiep vao nen kinh te quoc dan.

+la bo khung v/c, ky thuat cua nen kinh te quoc dan, no anh huong truc tiep toi nang suat, chat luong hieu qua sxkd cua toan XH.

d. Tang cuong QLTS NN

+Ngan sach NN tang thu, giam chi, can bang thu chi, co gang co so du, tranh tham hut ngan sach.

+Tai nguyen thien nhien: doi hoi phai tien hanh kiem ke khai thac va su dung theo nguyen tac vua khai thac, su dung co tra tien can phai khoi phuc va bao ve.

+Ket cau ha tang dc thuc hien theo quy hoach thong nhat va nhanh chong di sau vao su dung, trong qua trinh su dung can phai co KH khai thac dong thoi tang cuong bao ve

+DNNN chuyen doi so huu NN chi giu lai cac DN chu chot, DN vua phai tien hanh co phan hoa nen NN phai giam bot ganh nang ve CP, DN nho ban or khoan cho tu nhan, DN thua lo: giai the, sat nhat voi DN khac.

+Sap xep lai co cau to chuc, doi moi hoat dong.