The Value of Government
A reliable and uncorrupted civil administration is key to a society's successful incorporation of chronimism. If governments are not bequeathed with a reasonable amount of power, it becomes impossible for them to make the changes necessary to replace or improve the economic regime. This is what makes my system more realistically achievable than the utopian theorists of the past. Clearly, government is an important partner or even an instigator in the transition process. However, because the system puts such a large burden of responsibility and power into the hands of public officials, it is important to place a few restrictions on their power so that they can perform their duties that benefit society without placing it in jeopardy due to their negligence or frivolity. This is where my theory departs from the rationale of communism.
The most crucial role played by the government is to maintain what I call the rule of the one percent. Essentially, it is the job of any administration to make certain that in all fields at all times there is at least one percent unemployment. Universities must graduate all the qualified candidates required by industry plus one percent as well. Everyone in the entire economic system has to always know that their work, no matter how vital or unique, is always on the verge of being taken over by a competitor. Everyone must be fearful of being replaced. However, because there is only one percent of the pool to draw from, if all workers banded together, it would be impossible to replace all of them. Thus, government is also granted the responsibility of never allowing labour unions to form. Any type of job security at all will endanger a chronimistic system. Workers must be given the opportunity to rise and fall. Those who fail will be obliterated. Those who succeed will be evolved. This is the ultimate, Darwinian overture in my theory.
In practice it will be very difficult to enforce a certain level of unemployment and in doing so, it is possible that many more people will lose their jobs than my system can legitimately allow. As such, it becomes crucial to make certain that only the workers society can allow to lose are left behind. The best way to sort through the fat is to institute a payroll tax and allow the industrialists to decide which workers are the most valuable to them. As I established in previous chapters, when a worker invents a new industrial procedure, they must be paid for their invention. Therefore, if their employer instituted the change, they will not make any more profit. However, if the change saves time, the employer can lay off workers who were charging him a tax in favour of the more intelligent labourer and their mind. A payroll tax ensures that an employer only hires who is actually required to make a profit and discourages large work forces and expansionist corporations. Instead, it makes small business and self-employment more viable, since an owner of a business is never to be taxed for their own contributions to their private enterprise. In keeping with this symmetry, an ideal payroll tax would be one percent of the employees paid hours, although the each individual administration must be given leniency to institute the tax as it feels necessary to achieve chronimism's economic objectives.
When I discuss numbers such as one percent unemployment, I do not mean what would be traditional imagined as a small fraction of the adult population out of work for a short period of time, living on employment insurance until finding a new source of income. Enforced one percent unemployment would mean, for example, in our world today that seventy million people worldwide would be unable to receive work anywhere or income from any source. Essentially, the system would rely not simply on one percent of the population being jobless, but on that same demographic facing starvation. The point of this is that these people are the least desirable labourers and thinkers and removing them will assure that society continues to evolve. Such persons will form a new caste of "untouchables" who will be aptly erased from the collective bloodlines of civilization. However, it is understandable that the nations of the world will not necessarily wish for a significant portion of their population to wither away and so it must be revealed that the one percent rule is not entirely arbitrary. One percent of the population is the maximum portion any society can afford to staff a standing military. Therefore, if the impoverished plebeians starving to death becomes too aesthetically distasteful, it would be possible for the government to go to war and employ such citizens as servicemen, in which they could be easily and tastefully eradicated in glorious combat.
War as an element of manufactured evolution, however, poses a serious moral challenge to both classical ethics and my own structure of economics. As chronimism attempts to separate the most valuable members and products of society from their lesser counterparts, it is inherent that there is no waste. A person who excels in an irrelevant field is still worth less to society than one who is mediocre in a necessary line of work. No matter what has been written or sung about it, war does not actually produce anything. The increase in production associated with total war can inspire and contribute to greater economic success as was the case with World War Two, but the conflict itself is purely destructive. Had the factories designed to build mortars and tanks not switched to refrigerators and automobiles, WWII would not have allowed the West to ascend to economy dominance, but instead fall into barbaric oblivion. Regardless of the bravery and power one may feel in wielding a sword, one can never hope to eat its steel.
A bureaucracy as an entity is the most wasteful creation of human society, and the military, being the oldest and most refined of the bureaucratic arts has had millennia to develop its methods of needless expense. Since no government department produces a profit, it is impossible to determine which is the most efficient facet of the civil administration. Instead, departments crave to have the highest budgets and hire the most people possible as expenditure is the only avenue by which a bureaucrat can be judged. As there is also no limit to public spending, or the limit is much greater than those imposed on private business, government programs which fail can always be blamed on lack of spending. This is why, as Milton Friedman so famously pointed out, failed private enterprises are abandoned when failed government programs are expanded. Being that the military almost always employs the most expensive equipment and among the most personnel, its waste is easily the largest. Equally, the ideal society cannot tax it's citizens. If one is is to uphold the highest standards of meritocratic liberty and free thought, as I believe my system does, then it is utterly impossible to force one's populace to pay a tribute to a more or less arbitrary power. In my system, citizens chose the goods and services available to them, and each person is directly accountable for actions onto themselves only. So, how does a government finance itself and as I've already proven is fundamental to my system, the auspices of war?
Since the costs of establishing a chronimistic state and in maintaining it through military means will be enormous, an equally enormous fiscal structure is required. In the logic of my system, a person is valued by the number of hours they contribute towards production. Being in an ideal, democratic society the government represents the entirety of the population, the production capacity of the government should be akin to the sum of all its parts, the labour of the people. Being that this ideal government is either a worldwide or other extremely holistic entity, the value of this should be for all intents and purposes infinite. Thus, the government is given endless resources and all that remains are strict guidelines as to how they can be spent. This is not to encourage spending, but to discourage the robbing of citizens. No taxes must be levied (with the exception of a payroll tax and the child tax [see chapter five], although those are for the purpose of regulation, not revenue); the administration is simply treated as if its accounts were inexhaustible. This allows wars to be as luxurious as need be as there will be no negative effects to the remaining members of society. There too should be no benefit to the productive members of society and thus government can establish crown corporations specifically with the intent of housing, feeding, arming and eventually deploying military personnel. These industries would be entirely staffed by the unemployed and since they need to be disposed of eventually there is no particular care necessary in ensuring that their industries are productive. Maintaining their happy illusion of productivity, moreover, will also prevent the cause of revolt, something which could be of actual concern to the security of chronimism. Of course, these people would be able to apply for private employment and would be able to leave the service at any time to pursue it, so long as they were able to out-compete their employed fellows. The conditions of the military would be terrible and inhumane, but no one would be press-ganged into service. Each individual would have the option of leaving and the choice to evolve themselves and progress society, or continue to be their remedial selves and eventually die.
A government with infinite funds is, of course, a fantasy. Having an endless supply of numbers does not guarantee perpetual resources and in fact, may be the greatest threat to their prolongation. One can imagine they have all the currency they ever need, but a family is fed and a nation is built on elements of the real world, not imaginary numbers. In so being, taking the infinity of my new government too seriously would be a tragic mistake. The ideal government only wastes in the area of war, but is fiscally restrained elsewhere. In order to maintain financial restraint, not only must there be a clear constitution outlining the services of government, but also the officials and bureaucrats necessary to protect it.
The responsibilities of government as laid out by the ideal chronimistic state are education, health, security, infrastructure, goods and services evaluation, economic regulation, law and order, emergency management and debt financing. Scientific inquiry should theoretically be administered by private corporations; however, one of the roles of government is to limit the size of individual corporations which may also impact the ability to conduct research, especially if research expenditures rise overtime. Government then may be forced to directly fund scientific inquiry, or provide more research grants to universities. This is will need to evaluated by a skilled bureaucracy led by a democratically elected administration after my system has been implemented. I cannot in my capacity as a theorist fully evaluate the ever changing human tendency to privately invest in science nor do I believe it prudent to attempt such a calculation. Chronimism is fundamentally an economic principle and allows for slight societal and administrative variations, as much be compensated for in any functioning democracy. As such, it is not unrealistic to assume that chronimistic governments of the future will also be in charge of directing and subsidizing scientific research and perhaps other areas of civilization not specified above.
The services (education, health, security, infrastructure, law and order and debt financing), however, must be set in stone, untouchable by any democrat or despot alike. With the exception of education, which I will address in chapter five, and law and order which I will address in the proceeding section, all services will be immediately recompensed to the government upon rendering. Once having used a public service, a citizen must pay the actual value of that service back to the administration. As previously stated, the financial services sector is one that would not be economically viable in my model as that sector fails to produce any actual value as I have described it. Since it cannot turn a profit, usury then would become a natural avenue for government intervention. Small loans would be administered for anything, although it would generally be considered that such loans would be purposes for the use of government services. This way, a person can still navigate the state's extensive series of public works and infrastructure and enjoy the benefits of modern medicine without requiring a reserve of cash on hand. Otherwise, a person would relinquish all access to the social state after losing one source of income. Although it is my design to eliminate the rightfully unemployed, everyone must have equal opportunity to better themselves, the main purpose behind all of the aforementioned government services. Debt repayment is extremely strict, however, and the government will maintain to the right to liquidate all of a debtor's assets and appropriate their pay-cheques. Being that there is no security net to speak of, losing an income in this way is essentially a death sentence. Debt tardiness reflects more of a debtor's character than temporary unemployment does of one who is unemployed, and so there will be no remedies put in place to mitigate its consequences.
It's important to recognize that physicians and lawyers, although able to own their own clinics or firms, will be more often remunerated by the government than their clients, due to their expensive work that is often required at unexpected times. As such, they will generally be paid through government loans their customers have undertaken, and their services can be considered government services. Equally, doctors and surgeons will, for economic reasons, need to work in publicly administered hospitals just as attorneys will need to serve in state offices as crown prosecutors. In this case they are government employees, and law and medicine will be one of the few professions in which it is possible to work in both the public and private sectors. Other professions, however, such as engineering may never be mixed with government to maintain the privacy and independence of these firms. Again, in the ideal world, law and medicine would be entirely privatized, but due to the same issues that I discussed with private scientific research, there will certainly arise the need for more government intervention.
It might disturb the reader that much of my system remains so open ended. After all, the socialist experiments of the twentieth century more or less proved that gargantuan governments without powerful and compressive regulations to restrain them are always disastrous. However, the binding of massive governments with miles of red tape and endless studies and re-evaluations simply leads to the more disgusting animal of an indecisive and negligently lavish administrations. Being that neither of these are particularly welcome outcomes, it is important to introduce a third option. A chronimistic government is based on a philosophical constitution (hopefully one that is inspired from this publication) that identifies the most crucial and sacrosanct government services and responsibilities and then provides guidance to future governors about how the state should be administered. Instead of laying out inflexible rules, the constitution would consist of guidelines and policy goals. If a leader can better serve their state by ignoring these rules, so be it. Freedom of thought is essential to any successful chronimistic civilization.
This does, however, allow for any elected official to decide on a whim that their autocratic tendencies better serve the state and establish an unbreakable tyranny. Therefore it becomes important to elect leaders with competing portfolios who each wield power enough to fulfil their duties to the utmost of their abilities, but who can never achieve absolute power solely for themselves. Such a system provides legal and political flexibility, but democratic and societal stability. Thus, the government will be divided into four pillars of which each will be headed by an elected official who appoints the chief bureaucrats in their department and no one else. These divisions would be Regulations, Services, Defence, and Justice (Oversight). The secretary of Regulations would be in charge of establishing the baseline for goods and services, which will determine all salaries in the state with the exception of the industrialists, evaluating the real value of trades and merchandise, administering the pay roll tax, maintaining one percent unemployment, reducing the size of any overextended corporation, and creating a suitable economic atmosphere for socio-economic evolution. The duties of the Regulations officer will be more thoroughly explained in chapter seven. The director of Services is responsible for the establishment, distribution and continuation of the entire social state. He appoints the bureaucrats in charge of infrastructure, health, education, emergency management and the deputy of debt financing. The chief administer of loans will be elected from the pool of the wealthiest one percent of society in a separate ballot. The chief of Defence will be responsible for military operations and will administer the military economy if so needed. The head of Justice will rewrite new laws as necessary and oversee the policing and security of the homeland. They will also appoint the most important bureaucrat in all of chronimism: the auditor general. The auditor general will review the financial books of all levels of government and thwart any potential corruption. He will also set the salary of all elected officials and their direct appointees with the exception of himself. His salary will be determined by the Chief Justice on appointment and will not be changed for his entire term. It will also be the responsibility of the auditor general to appoint the independent treasurers of each department who will dole out the resources necessary for the operation of each branch of government.
In order to guarantee that these elected officials do not collaborate, each will be serve four year terms which end in staggered years. Therefore, at least one of them will always be up for election per annum. No restrictions will be made on how many terms a person may serve as such would pose a dangerous situation in which a more qualified leader is forced to bow to a lesser in order to satisfy an arbitrary rule. Such thinking is contrary to chronimism and equality of opportunity in general. However, without term limits, it may be required to force an unsavoury official from office. Clearly the Defence portfolio can be used for this; however, it would put far too much power into the hands of these undesirables. Thus, it becomes obvious that the police force must be always equal in strength to the militia (unless at war in which the army would be too occupied to develop a dictatorship and too bloated for the police to equal it) or have weapons that would rival that of the military domestically. This shouldn't be difficult being that the police force will be manned by the best recruits whereas the military will be a breeding ground for the world's incompetents. As the economic powers of state are balanced by the Services and Regulations governors (with loans under the management of an independent third party), so too will the militant powers of state be balanced between the heads of Defence and Justice. This will allow for a perpetual democracy where infighting is futile and so politicians and bureaucrats alike choose to expand their areas of interest, not their personal powers.
So, who gets the vote in this system? As would be the general pattern with chronimism, distinctions won't be made by gender, race or age but by economic standing. Thus, the founders of the state will choose a baseline production level, a minimum salary that all voters must achieve. Once surpassed, a person is guaranteed to vote in the elections of the four chief officials until they lost their source of income for more than one year. Theoretically, the basic salary could be reached at any age and so if they were industrious enough, even children could vote. Democratic rights in a chronimistic society are also an expression of an individual's importance to society, and as I've already established the more once produces, the more they are worth to society.
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