CAU19:CHI SO TAC DONG TRONG ASXH

Cong thuc :

IPjy=TCjy/MSy x 100%

IPjy=LHjy/MSy x100%

Trong do:

+IPjy: la chi so tac dong cua doi tuong j nam y

+TCjy hay LHjy la tro cap va tro giup hoac luong huu trung binh cua doi tuong j nam y

+MSy la muc song trung binh dan cu nam y

Noi dung:

- Chi so tac dong nham do luong muc do tac dong den cuoc song cua nhung nguoi tham gia tung hop phan asxh bang cach so sanh tien Tro cap binh quan hang thang,tien TCDB binh quan hang thang,luong huu binh quan hang thang ma cac tro giup hac co the quy doi thanh tien ma cac nhom doi tuong nhan duoc voi muc chi tieu binh quan cua dan cu tinh theo thang trong thoi ky tuong ung

- Chi so tac dong giao dong tu 0 den 1 boi so k nao do, boi so k lon hay nho phu thuoc vao tinh hinh ptrien ktxh cua tung quoc gia va the che chinh sach asxh, su quan tam cua nha noc doi voi nguoi co cong voi nuoc va doi tuong bao tro xh. Boi so k cang lon cang tot.

- O VN chi so tac dong cua hop phan TGXH luon nho hon hoac bang 1 vi doi tuong nhan duoc tro cap xh ko co dkien rang buoc ve dong gop tai chinh

- Chi so tac dong cua hop phan TGDB luon lon hon 1 vi muc chuan tro cap nguoi co cong luon duoc thiet ke cao hon muc luong toi thieu

- Chi so tac dong cua bhxh cung se luon lon hon 1 vi co su rang buoc ve su dong gop, muc luong huu thap nhat cung bang luong toi thieu theo quy dinh cua luat BHXH 2006

Y nghia:

- Chi so tac dong co y nghia quan trong trong viac danh gia chat luong va hieu qua cua he thong asxh va bdam nguoi co cong voi CM co muc song =hoac cao hon muc song trung binh cua nguoi dan dia phuong, duoc dbao cho doi tuong huu tri hoac huong bhxh co muc song ngang = muc song trung binh cua nguoi dan dia phuong, bao dam doi tuong bao tro xh bang muc song toi thieu.

- Giam thieu bat binh dang trong xh =viec ko de co su chenh lech qua lon giua muc song tro cap voi muc song trung binh va muc song toi thieu

- Chi so tac dong la co so chi viec dieu chinh cac muc chuan va muc tro cap hoac luong huu cho phu hop.

CAU 20: DINH HUONG CO BAN VA PTRIEN ASXH

-Khai niem ASXH: la 1 he thong cac co che,chinh sach cac giai phap cua nha nuoc va cong dong nham tro giup moi thanh vien trong xa hoi, doi pho voi cac rui ro,cac cu soc ve kinh te xa hoi, lam cho ho suy giam hoac mat nguon thu nhap do bi om dau,thai san,TNLD,BNN, gia ca ko con suc ld hoac vi cac nguyen nhan khach quan khac roi vao canh ngheo kho ban cung hoa, va cung cap dich vu cham soc sk cho cong dong thong qua cac he thong chinh sach ve BHXH, BHYT, TGXH, TGDB.

Co 4 dinh huong phat trien he thong asxh o VN trong gdoan hien nay

1.Dinh huong 1: ptrien asxh phai gan chat voi qtrinh hthanh va ptrien nen kttt theo dinh huong xhcn ngay trong tung buoc di tung giai doan cu the

- Nguyen nhan:ban than nen kttt hang ngay tao dong luc cho su ptrien kte, tang truong kte song cung hang ngay tich tu de gay nen cac van de xh buc xuc xong qtrinh van dong cua cac vde xh ay ko phai de dang nhan thay ngay ma can co su nghien cuu tim hieu

Giai quyet: +tim hieu de thiet lap cac luoi as phu hop de doi pho voi nhung tac dong ko mong muon do.

+ phat trien he thong asxh phai phu hop voi qtrinh tang truong kte muc do bien dong tien luong toi thieu va muc do cai thien doi song cua dan cu ma mat bang cua no la thu nhap va muc song binh quan cua cac ho gdinh.cac che do cua he thong asxh phai dam bao muc sng hop ly choc ac thanh vien trong xh dam bao muc song toi thieu doi voi doi tuong bao tro xh phai dam bao muc song trung binh cua cong dong dan cu doi voi doi tuong TGDB la nguoi co cong va doi tuong huu tri.

VD:VN la 1 nuoc dang phat trienthi mo hinh bh tuoi gia phai van dung linh hoat ca 2 hinh thuc tren hoac ap dung mo hinh huong va dong bh tuong duocng va tro cap cho nguoi cao tuoi ko co luong huu. Hien nay nuoc ta dang thuc hien mo hinh huong va dong bhxh tuong duong va tro cap cho nguoi cao tuoi ko co luong huu thi se co 1 khoan tro cap. Trong ghan do tuoi con lon hon 85t va muc tro cap con thap 120 000d/thang

2. dinh huong 2:

Ptrien he thong asxh phai dong bo o tat ca cac hop phan de tao nen 1 he thong luoi an toan tren cac Phuong dien khac nhau cho phu hop voi 1 nuoc con duoc coi la ngheo. Cac hop phan bao gom bhxh,bhtn,bhyt,TGDB,TGXH. Cac hop phan nay tao thanh main ha chung de bao dam an toan cho moi thanh vien trg xh khi ho gap rr. He thong asxh la cong cu huu hieu dieu tiet cong tac thu nhap giua cac nhom dan cu dbao tinh cong bang xh, han che phan hoa giau ngheo, phan tang xh

- Tung hop phan cua he thong asxh phai thiet lap duoc muc chuan. Co 3 muc chuan:

- +muc chuan TCXH la muc tro cap xh thap nhat danh cho doi tuong bao tro xh co hoanh canh xh kho khan it nhat. Muc chuan TCXH la co so de tinh toan cac muc TCXH cho cac nhom doi tuong bao tro xh khac

- + muc chuan tro cap dbiet la muc chuan tro cap thap nhat danh cho doi tuong co cong o muc thap nhat trong he thong muc tro cap doi voi nguoi co cong

- + muc chuan luong huu la muc luong huu thap nhat danh cho nguoi co dong gop it nhat cao quy bao hiem xh trong he thong luong huu

- Y nghia:cac muc chuan co y nghia nhu tien luong toi thieu, la co so de tinh cac muc tro cap hay luong huu khac trong tung he thong, the hien kha nag cung nhu trinh do ptrien ktxh cua 1 dat nuoc

- Viec xay dung cac muc chuan hay tro cap luong huu phu thuoc vao chu truong cua dang nha nuoc va tinh hinh ptrien ktxh trong tung thoi ki, dac biet la trong mqh voi tang truong kte tien luong toi thieu va muc song cua dan cu

3. dinh duong 3: Phat trien he thong asxh phai gan chat voi qua trinh cai cac hah chinh nha nuoc tren ca 3 phuong dien:the che csach,the che tai chinh, the che to chuc, bo may va can bo. Day duoc coi la 3 tru cot cua asxh

- the che chinh sach phai bao ham duoc cac doi tuong cua he thong va dap ung duoc nhu cau cua doi tuong, co tieu chi xac dinh doi tuong 1 cach ro rang, co che xdinh doi tuong don gian thuan loi cho viec qlytheo doi va giam sat tuy tung doi tuong cu the ma ap dung co che thu huong

- the che tai chinh phai dam bao tinh ben vung can doi thu chi linh hoat trong nhung dkien cu the cua qtrinh ptrien phu hop voi thu nhap chi tieu cua nguoi dan. Phuong cham chung la da nguon, la xa hoi hoa ve nguon luc

- the che to chuc doi ngu can bo phai tung buoc duoc tieu chuan ho dbao du thuc hien va nang luc de thuc hien nhiem vu va quan ly, cung cap dich vu 1 cach phu hop, hieu qua

4. dinh huong 4:Qua trinh doi moi he thong asxh phai lay con nguoi lam trung tam, con nguoi la muc tieu lla dong luc cho su ptrien x

- Phuong phap tiep can dua vao quyen con nguoi va cong bang xh. Vi cac chinh sach asxh deu huong toi muc tieu bve su an toan choc ac thanh vien trong xh on dinh kte chinh tri nen no su dung kha lon cac khoan chi nhan sach nha nuoc nhung lai ko truc tiep thu NSNN nhu cac hoat dong kte tru hop phan BHYT, BHXH. Hieu qua cua he thong asxh la sup hat trien ben vung cua xh vi su on dinh xh va vi cua moi thanh vien trong xh . su on dinh xh chinh tri co tac dong manh me den qtrinh phat trien kte cua moi quoc gia.

-> xet cho cung thi gia tri cua he thong asxh la gia tri nhan van, gia tri dinh huong phat trien xh va do cung la dinh huong xhcn ma nuoc ta dang theo duoi. Trong do quyen con nguoi duoc de cao. Con nguoi tao ra nguon luc kte va chinh nguon luc nay de bve cho minh va dong loai.