CAU 1:QUY LUAT GIA TRI

Sx hang hoa chiu su tac dong cua cac quy luat kt chung nhu:quy luat quan he sx phai phu hop voi trinh do phat trien cua luc luong sx;quy luat tiet kiem thoi gian lao dong;quy luat tang nang suat lao dong...Nhung vai tro co so cho su chi phoi nen sx hang hoa thuoc ve quy luat gia tri.

Quy luat gia tri la quy luat kt can ban cua sx va trao doi hang hoa,o dau co sx va t

rao doi hang hoa thi o do co su ton tai va phat huy tac duna cua quy luat gia tri.

1.Noi dung cua quy luat gia tri:

Theo yeu cau cua quy luat gia tri,viec sx va trao doi hang hoa phai dua tren co so hao phi lao dong xh can thiet.

Trong kt hang hoa,moi nguoi sx tu quyet dinh hao phi lao dong ca biet cua minh,nhung gia tri cua hang hoa ko phai duoc quyet dinh boi hao phi lao dong ca biet cua tung nguoi sx hang hoa,ma boi hao phi lao dong xh can thiet.Vi vay,muon ban duoc hang hoa,bu dap duoc chi phi va co lai,nguoi sx phai lam sao cho hao phi lao dong ca biet cua minh phu hop voi muc chi phi ma xh chap nhan duoc.

Trao doi hang hoa cung phai dua tren co so hao phi lao dong xh can thiet,co nghia la trao doi phai theo nguyen tac ngang gia.

Su van dong cua quy luat gia tri thong qua su van dong cua gia ca hang hoa.Vi gia tri la co so cua gia ca,con gia ca la su bieu hien bang tien cua gia tri,nen truoc het gia ca phu thuoc vao gia tri.Hang hoa nao nhieu gia

tri thi gia ca cua no se cao va nguoc lai.

Tren thi truong,ngoai gia tri,gia ca con phu thuoc vao cac nhan to khac nhu:canh tranh,cung cau,suc mua cua dong tien.Su tac dong cua cac nhan to nay lam cho gia ca hang hoa tren thi truong tach roi voi gia tri va len xuong xoay quanh truc gia tri cua no.Su van dong gia ca thi truong cua hang hoa xoay quanh truc gia tri cau no chinh la co che hoat dong cua quy luat gia tri.Thong qua su van dong cua gia ca thi truong ma quy luat gia tri phat huy tac dung.

2.Tac dong cua quy luat gia tri:

Trong sx hang hoa,quy luat gia tri co ba tac dong chu yeu sau:

Thu nhat,dieu tiet sx va luu thong hang hoa.

-Dieu tiet sx tuc la dieu hoa,phan bo cac yeu to sx giua cac nganh,cac linh vuc cua nen kt.Tac dong nay cua quy luat gia tri thong qua su bien dong cua gia ca hang hoa tren thi truong duoi tac dong cua quy luat cung cau.Neu o nganh nao do khi cung nho hon cau,gia ca hang hoa se len cao hon gia tri,hang hoa ban chay,lai cao,thi nguoi sx se do xo vao nganh ay.Do do tu lieu sx va suc lao dong duoc chuyen dich vao nganh ay tang len.Nguoc lai,khi cung o nganh do vuot qua cau,gia ca hang hoa giam xuong,hang hoa ban ko chay va co the lo von.Tinh hinh ay buoc nguoi sx phai thu hep quy mo sx lai hoac chuyen sang dau tu vao nganh co gia ca hang hoa cao.

-Dieu tiet luu thong cua quy luat gia tri cung thong qua gia ca tren thi truong.Su bien dong cua gia ca thi truong cung co tac dung thu hut nguon hang tu noi gia ca thap den noi gia ca cao,do do lam cho luu thong hang hoa thong suot.

Nhu vay,su bien dong cua gia ca tren thi truong ko nhung chi ro su bien dong ve kt,ma con co tac dong dieu tiet nen kt hang hoa.

Thu hai,kich thich cai tien ky thuat,hop ly hoa sx,tang nang suat lao dong,thuc day luc luong sx xh phat trine.

Trong nen kt hang hoa,moi nguoi sx hang hoa la mot chu the kinh te doc lap,tu quyet dinh hoat dong sx kinh doanh cua minh.Nhung do dieu kien sx khac nhau nen hao phi lao dong ca biet cua moi nguoi khac nhau,nguoi sx nao co hao phi lao dong ca biet nho hon hao phi lao dong xh cua hang hoa o the co loi,se thu duoc lai cao.Nguoi sx nao co hao phi lao dong ca biet lon hon hao phi lao dong xh can thiet se o the bat loi,lo von.De gianh loi the trong canh tranh va tranh nguy co vo no,pha san,ho phai ha thap hao phi lao dong ca biet cua minh,sao cho bang hao phi lao dong xh can thiet.Muon vay,ho phai luon tim cach cai tien ky thuat,cai tien to chuc quan ly,thuc hien tiet kiem chat che,tang nang suat lao dong.Su canh tranh quyet liet cang thuc day qua trinh nay dien ra manh me hon,mang tinh xh.Ket qua la luc luong sx xh duoc thuc day phat trine manh me.

Thu ba,thuc hien su lua chon tu nhien va phan hoa nguoi sx hang hoa thanh nguoi giau nguoi ngheo.

Qua trinh canh tranh theo duoi gia tri tat yeu dan den ket qua la:nhung nguoi co dieu kien sx thuan loi co trinh do,kien thuc cao,trang bi ky thuat tot nen co hao phi lao dong ca biet thap hon hao phi lao dong xh can thiet,nho do phat tai,giau len nhanh chong.Ho mua sam them tu lieu sx,mo rong sx kinh doanh.Nguoc lai nhung nguoi ko co dieu kien thuan loi,lam an kem coi,hoac gap rui ro trong kinh doanh nen bi thua lo dan den pha san tro thanh ngheo kho.

Nhung tac dong cua quy luat gia tri trong nen kinh te hang hoa co y nghia ly luan va thuc tien het suc to lon:mot mat quy luat gia tri chi phoi su lua chon tu nhien,dao thai cac yeu kem,kich thich cac nhan to tich cuc phat trien;mat khac,phan hoa xh thanh ke giau nguoi ngheo,tao ra su bat binh dang trong xh.