Bài 17: Nói v? th?i quá kh?

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (ð?i tho?i)

B?n ngý?i Úc s? k? cho các b?n nghe v? các ho?t ð?ng th? thao c?a h?.

Dialogue:

SIMON: I've always played a lot of sport. I like soccer best. I've been playing since I was at school.

LYNNE: No. I'm not interested in sport, but I like an outdoor life. I'm a keen bushwalker, and I enjoy gardening, too.

LYNNE: I've never been interested in sport, but I like an outdoor life. I've been a keen bushwalker for many years. I've always enjoyed gardening, too.

SAM: I've been at university since I left school, so I haven't had time for sport. I've been spending all my spare time studying.

AMY: I used to play a lot of sport, but I don't get out much these days. But I've been enjoying it very much.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

a bushwalker

[ 'b?? w?k? ]

ngý?i ði b? trong r?ng (th? thao)

a conservationist

[ k?ns? 'vei??n?st ]

nhà ho?t ð?ng b?o v? thiên nhiên, ngý?i có xu hu?ng b?o v? thiên nhiên.

an outdoor life

[ 'a?td??laif ]

cu?c s?ng ngoài tr?i

soccer

[ 's?k? ]

bóng ðá

to garden

[ 'gad?n ]

làm vý?n

to get out

[ 'g?t a?t ]

ði, thoát ra

to paint

[ 'peint ]

v? tranh, sõn

to spend

[ 'sp?nd ]

tiêu xài

to study

[ 'st?di ]

h?c t?p

recently

[ 'ris?ntli ]

m?i ðây

Part 3 - LESSON: talking about the past (nói v? th?i quá kh?)

Khi nói v? m?t hành ð?ng b?t ð?u ? quá kh?, ti?p t?c cho t?i hi?n t?i và có th? ti?p t?c trong týõng lai, chúng ta dùng th?i hi?n t?i hoàn thành. Thí d?:

I've always played a lot of sport. Tôi thý?ng xuyên chõi th? thao r?t nhi?u.

I've been a keen bushwalker for many years.

Tôi thích t?o b? trong r?ng ð? nhi?u nãm nay.

Chúng ta có th? dùng th?i hi?n t?i hoàn thành ð? ti?p t?c ch? nh?ng vi?c ð? x?y ra trong quá kh?, v?n ðang x?y ra trong hi?n t?i và s? có th? ti?p t?c trong týõng lai.

I've been spending all my spare time studying.

Tôi dành t?t c? th?i gian nhàn r?i ð? h?c.

I've been watching sport on television. Tôi thý?ng theo d?i th? thao qua truy?n h?nh.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Ðôi khi khó có th? phân bi?t ðý?c gi?a hai thanh / n / và / ? /.

B?n h?y ð?c to nh?ng t? sau và phân bi?t r? hai thanh:

/ n / / ? /

son

win

sinner

thin

ton

run

pan

sung

wing

singer

thing

tongue

rung

pang

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luy?n t?p)

Ði?n vào ch? tr?ng ? cu?i câu các t? thích h?p sau ðây:

for years, every year, at least twice, ten times

1. I've been watching sport on television...

2. We've won...

3. I've been to your party...

4. I've seen that movie...

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Episode 17:

I told the detective everything I knew about Henry Cotton, and the police had the briefcase. Diana had gone, and I didn't expect to see her again. But when you've been so involved in a mystery, you don't just forget about it, do you? And of course there was Mandy, who was very interested... in Ben Morris! He came to our house one day, and Judy and I liked him too. He was very upset about Cotton's death.

I asked Ben about Cotton's driver, the small red-faced man who had tried to get the briefcase. Ben said the man's name was Stanley Vincent. He has left his job as a driver at the university some time ago, and now the police would be looking for him. Ben believed that Vincent was working for another group of scientists who wanted to be first with the discovery.

There was more excitement to come. First, there was a terrible shock for Mandy... and for Judy and me as well. Mandy came home from the university with the news.

'They've arrested Ben,' she said, and burst into tears. I couldn't believe it.

'Nonsense,' I said. 'You must have made a mistake.' But I phoned Detective Baker, and he said, 'We now believe that Cotton was murdered. Mr Morris is helping us with our enquiries.'

'What you mean is that Ben Morris has been arrested.' I said. 'That's crazy! You've made a mistake.' Detective Baker sounded angry. 'Leave it with us, Mr Moon. Oh... and by the way, have you heard from the young lady?'

'Do you mean Diana Cotton?' I asked. "Hmm... perhaps,' he said. 'Are you sure it was Diana Cotton? Did you know her?'

'Well... no,' I said, 'but of course it was Diana. Who else could it be?' And the detective said, 'That's what we'd like to know!'

Bài 18: Nói v? th?i quá kh? P2

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (ð?i tho?i)

Anh Terry k? cho các b?n nghe v? nh?ng ngý?i Úc ð?u tiên (th? dân).

Dialogue:

TERRY: The first Australian were the Aborigines. They've been living here for more than 40,000 years. The Aborigines had been living here for 40,000 years when the white people came. James Cook found Botany Bay in 1770. Dutch traders had landed on the Australian coastline before Cook found Botany Bay. Britain decided to send convicts to Botany Bay. Before that convicts had been sent to America. The first fleet left Britain in 1787. The first fleet had been sailing for eight months when arrived at Botany Bay. There were a thousand people on board. Three quarters of them were convicts. Thousands of convicts were sent to Australia. Many of them had been convicted of very small crimes. In 1901, Australia became a nation. Before that it had been governed by Britain.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

Botany Bay

[ 'b?t?ni 'bei ]

v?nh Botany

Dutch traders

[ 'd?t? 'treid?z ]

các thýõng gia Hà Lan

The First Fleet

[ ??'f?st 'flit ]

H?m ð?i S? M?t

a coastline

[ 'ko?stlain ]

b? bi?n

a colony

[ 'k?l?ni ]

thu?c ð?a

a convict

[ 'k?nvikt ]

tù nhân

a crime

[ 'kraim ]

t?i ác, t?i ph?m

a nation

[ 'nei??n ]

qu?c gia

three-quarters

[ '?ri kw?t?z ]

ba ph?n tý

to convict

[ k?n'vikt ]

k?t án

to decide

[ d?' said ]

quy?t ð?nh

to govern

[ 'g?v?n ]

cai tr?

to land

[ 'lænd ]

ð? b?, ð?t chân lên

to sail

[ 'seil ]

ch?y trên bi?n, ði thuy?n bu?m, ði b?ng ðý?ng bi?n.

Part 3 - LESSON: talking about the past (nói v? th?i quá kh?)

Khi mu?n nói v? m?t s? vi?c di?n ra trong quá kh? trý?c khi m?t s? vi?c khác x?y ra, chúng ta dùng th?i quá kh? hoàn thành. 

Thí d?:

Dutch traders had landed before Cook. Các thýõng gia Hà lan ð?t chân t?i trý?c thuy?n trý?ng Cook.

Ð?i v?i s? vi?c di?n ra sau, chúng ta dùng ð?ng t? ? th?i quá kh? ðõn gi?n. Khi mu?n nói m?t s? vi?c di?n ra ? quá kh? và ti?p t?c di?n ra khi s? vi?c th? hai x?y ra, và có th? v?n c?n ti?p t?c, chúng ta dùng th?i quá kh? hoàn thành ti?p di?n. 

Thí d?:

The Aborigines had been living here when the white people came.

Ngý?i th? dân ð? và ðang s?ng ? ðây khi ngý?i da tr?ng t?i.

The First Fleet had been sailing for eight months when it arrived at Botany Bay.

H?m ð?i S? M?t ð? ði trong tám tháng m?i t?i v?nh Botany.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Trong ti?ng Anh có m?t s? t? có ch? vi?t gi?ng nhau nhýng mang ch?c nãng ng? pháp khác nhau và có cách ð?c khác nhau. 

Thí d?:

convict (noun)

Khi là danh t? th? t? ðý?c nh?n ? âm ti?t th? nh?t.

convict (verb)

Khi là ð?ng t? th? ðý?c nh?n ? âm ti?t th? hai. B?n h?y luy?n ð?c các t? sau:

produce (noun) produce (verb)

conduct (noun) conduct (verb)

progress (noun) progress (verb)

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luy?n t?p)

B?n h?y vi?t m?t ðo?n ng?n v? l?ch s? Vi?t Nam. Trong khi vi?t, ð? ngh? các b?n c? g?ng s? d?ng th?i quá kh? hoàn thành và quá kh? hoàn thành ti?n di?n.

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Vocabulary:

a research document

[ r? 's?t? d?kjum?nt ]

tài li?u nghiên c?u

Episode 18:

When Mandy appeared next morning, I could see that she'd been crying. There was nothing I could do to help her. Ben Morris had been arrested, and Mandy was heart-broken. I suggested that she should stay at home, but she decided to go to work as usual. She said that she'd be working late. I didn't believe that Ben Morris was a criminal, but he had been working closely with Cotton... No, I didn't believe it, and neither did Judy. That night Judy and I had just finished dinner when the phone rang. I answered it. I recognised the voice immediately. It was Diana.

'Mandy is here with me,' she said. 'So far she's all right...' I tried to interrupt.

'Diana... ' I began. 'The name is Pamela,' she said coldly. 'Diana is in Hong Kong. She'll be all right if she's sensible. Now listen. We want Cotton's research documents. If you don't give them to us, Mandy will be killed. Is that clear?'

'I don't have any documents...' I began, but Pamela said, 'You know what we want. Find them! Now listen carefully. Take the documents to 17 Ring Street, Richmond at mid-day tomorrow. And don't tell the police.'

'I don't have any documents... ' I said again, but Pamela had gone. I told Judy what Pamela had said, and we agreed that there was only one thing to do. We would ring Detective Baker, and ask his advice. Detective Baker was sympathetic. He thought for a while, and then he said that he'd leave the briefcase at the hotel that night. He told me to collect it next morning, and do exactly as Pamela had instructed. I told him I'd do as he said, and I though that this was the worst day of my life... so far. I didn't like the look of the next day, either.

Bài 12: Nói v? hành ð?ng thý?ng x?y ra

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (ð?i tho?i)

Ch? Mai Linh s? k? cho các b?n nghe v? m?t ngày Ch? nh?t ð?c bi?t c?a ch? ?y khi c?n ? Hà n?i.

Dialogue 1:

MAI LINH: Sunday is always a special day for me. I usually wake up at about seven-thirty, and listen to the radio in bed for a while. I never do that during the week! Then I have breakfast and do the shopping. We plan a special meal on Sundays. My children really enjoy that, because I don't have time to cook a proper meal for them during the week. I always clean the house and do the washing when we get home. Then, about 11:30, I start preparing the lunch. In the afternoon we sometimes visit friends. In the evening I watch TV, and I usually go to bed at 11 o'clock.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

a garden

[ 'gad?n ]

vý?n

a market

[ 'mak?t ]

ch?

a radio

[ 'reidio? ]

máy phát thanh, raðiô

tennis

[ 't?n?s ]

qu?n v?t

a weekend

[ wik'?nd ]

cu?i tu?n

always

[ '?lweiz ]

luôn luôn

often

[ '?f?n ]

thý?ng thý?ng

sometimes

[ 's?mtaimz ]

th?nh tho?ng

special

[ 'spe??l ]

ð?c bi?t

ever

[ '?v? ]

m?i m?i

never

[ 'n?v? ]

không bao gi?, không khi nào

to be tired

[ bi 'tai?d ]

m?t m?i

to visit

[ 'viz?t ]

thãm vi?ng

to wake up

[ weik '?p ]

th?c d?y

Part 3 - LESSON: talking about routines (nói v? hành ð?ng thý?ng x?y ra)

Khi nói v? các hành ð?ng thý?ng xuyên x?y ra chúng ta dùng tr?ng t? nãng di?n. Sau ðây là các tr?ng t? ðý?c s?p x?p theo th? t?, t? m?c ð? thý?ng xuyên nh?t cho t?i không bao gi?:

• always

• usually (normally) (regularly)

• often (frequently)

• sometimes

• never

Các tr?ng t? này ðý?c ð?t ? ngay trý?c ð?ng t? trong câu. Thí d?:

I usually go to bed at 11 o'clock. Tôi thý?ng ði ng? lúc 11 gi?.

We often visit relatives on the weekend. Chúng tôi hay ði thãm h? hàng vào ngày

ngh? cu?i tu?n.

Ð?ng t? nãng di?n ðý?c ð?t sau ð?ng t? 'to be'. Thí d?:

I am always happy on the weekend. Tôi luôn luôn c?m th?y sung sý?ng vào

k? ngh? cu?i tu?n.

He is often tired at night. Anh ?y hay m?t m?i vào ban ðêm.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (cách phát âm)

Ð? phân bi?t các âm /u/ nhý trong t? 'food' [ 'fud ] và âm /?/ nhý trong t? 'foot ' [ 'f?t ], các b?n c?n ph?i luy?n nghe và nói. Các b?n h?y luy?n hai câu sau.

Usually I use a ruler.

[ 'ju? (u)?li?j?ai?juz???rul? ]

Tôi thý?ng dùng thý?c k?.

Could I have some fruit juice?

[ k?d?ai hæv s?m frut '?us ]

Cho tôi xin ný?c trái cây nhé?

Các b?n luy?n hai câu sau ðây. Khi nói các b?n nên th?n tr?ng v? hai câu này khó hõn.

I'd choose a good cookery book, full of beautiful pictures.

[ aid t?uz?e g?d k?k?ri_b?k f?l??v bjut?f?l pikt??z ]

Tôi s? ch?n m?t cu?n sách d?y n?u ãn hay có th?t nhi?u h?nh ð?p.

He could look at the book, and it would give him good ideas.

[ hi k?d l?k??t ??b?k ?nd it w?d gi v him g?d?aidi?z ]

Anh ta có th? xem cu?n sách ðó và có th? rút ra nh?ng ? ki?n hay (v? n?u ãn).

Bây gi? các b?n h?y nói v? k?t qu? c?a cu?c thãm d? ? ki?n, và s? d?ng các tr?ng t? nãng di?n. Thí d?:

Only one person never watches TV on a weekend.

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Episode 12:

I usually tell Judy my plans, but this time I decided not to. But I did tell Mandy. 'I'm going to phone Hong Kong,' I told her.

When I arrived at the hotel, Dave was waiting to see me. 'A funny thing happened last night,' he said. 'Cotton's assistant came back.'

'The man who says he's Cotton's assistant,' I corrected him. 'What did he want this time?'

'He brought this again,' said Dave, taking the small numbered-disk from his pocket. He wanted to know if I had the key to the safe.' And...' I prompted. 'Well... the key was there, so I opened the safe, and there was nothing in it. Strange, eh? You don't know anything about a package do you, Joe?'

'Not a thing,' I said innocently. I couldn't tell Dave about the briefcase under my bed, now could I? On the way home I went to the Post Office to phone Hong Kong. I didn't want anyone at the hotel to know about the call, and I didn't want Judy to know either.

I took Cotton's card from my pocket and dialled the number. I don't often make overseas phone calls, and I was quite nervous. But the voice which answered was very clear. It was Diana Cotton. I introduced myself and then I said, 'I'd like to speak to your father, please.'

'I'm afraid he's not here,' Diana Cotton replied. 'He's at the Royal Hotel in Melbourne... until next week.'

'But I work at the hotel, Miss Cotton,' I said.

'He isn't here. The university doesn't know where he is either.' Diana was surprised and upset.

'My father always tells me his plans,' she said. 'Something is wrong. He's in danger.' I agreed, so I told Diana about the briefcase, and about the small, red-faced man who was looking for it. I told her everything... except where the briefcase was.

Bài 16: Th? ch? ð?ng và b? ð?ng

Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (ð?i tho?i)

Anh Bill, ngý?i chãn c?u, s? k? cho các b?n nghe v? ngành chãn nuôi c?u.

Dialogue 1:

BILL: There are millions of sheep in Australia. The sheep industry produces meat for food, and wool for clothing.

QUESTION: How is wool produced?

BILL: Well...first there's the shearing. The sheep are taken to the shearing shed where they're shorn. Then the fleece - that's the wool - is thrown onto a table where it's cleaned up a bit. The fleeces are sorted... Some are better than others, you know... then the wool is pressed into big square bags called bales. The bales are taken to the city and the wool is sorted again. Then it's sold at auction. Most of my wool is sold to overseas buyers. Well... the wool is washed first, of course. All the grease is removed. Then it's dried and stretched. And it's dyed. You can dye wool any colour you like. And then the wool is spun, and woven into cloth.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (t? v?ng)

an auction

[ '?k??n ]

ð?u giá

a bale

[ 'beil ]

ki?n hàng

a fleece

[ 'flis ]

ð?ng lông c?a m?t con c?u

a flock

[ 'fl?k ]

m?t ðàn

grease

[ 'gris ]

ch?t nh?n (d?u m?)

to dry

[ 'drai ]

làm khô

to produce

[ pr? 'djus ]

s?n xu?t

to remove

[ r? 'muv ]

t?y s?ch

to shear

[ '?ia ]

c?t, xén, h?t

to spin

[ 'spin ]

ðánh thành s?i

to stretch

[ 'str?t? ]

cãng, kéo ra

to weave

[ 'wiv ]

d?t

Part 3 - LESSON: active and passive sentences (th? ch? ð?ng và b? ð?ng)

Khi nói v? các quy tr?nh s?n xu?t, ngý?i ta thý?ng dùng th? b? ð?ng, v? ngý?i nghe mu?n bi?t ði?u g? x?y ra ch? không mu?n bi?t ai là ngý?i ti?n hành công vi?c. M?t ð?ng t? có th? ðý?c s? d?ng ? th? ch? ð?ng hay b? ð?ng. Th? ch? ð?ng thý?ng ðý?c ðý?c áp d?ng khi ch? ng? (v?n ð? chính ðý?c ð? c?p t?i) c?a câu hay m?nh ð? là ngý?i hay v?t th?c thi hành ð?ng ðó. Thí d?:

The sheep industry produces meat for food.

Công nghi?p c?u là ngu?n cung c?p th?t.

Th? b? ð?ng thý?ng ðý?c dùng khi ch? ng? c?a câu ho?c m?nh ð? ti?p nh?n hành ð?ng c?a ð?ng t?:

Meat is produced by the sheep industry. Th?t c?u ðý?c s?n xu?t b?i ngành công nghi?p c?u.

C?u trúc c?a th? b? ð?ng bao g?m phân t? quá kh? c?a ð?ng t? cùng v?i ð?ng t? 'to be' ð? ðý?c chia v?i ch?c nãng làm tr? ð?ng t?. Thí d?:

The sheep are taken to the shearing shed. C?u ðý?c mang t?i nhà lán (nõi ðý?c trang b? ð? thu ho?ch lông c?u.) 

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

B?n có th? nghe th?y nhi?u t? có âm / s / và / ? /. Bb?n c?n phân bi?t r? hai âm ðó. B?n h?y ð?c to các t? sau ðây:

/ s / / ? /

sausages, soap, sandwich, syrup, spinach, scent, socks, spice, stockings wash cloth, shoes, sugar, sheets

B?n h?y c? g?ng phân bi?t s? khác nhau c?a các c?p t? sau:

/ s / / ? /

sheep

[ '?ip ]

seep

[ 'sip ]

shorn

[ '??n ]

sawn

[ 's?n ]

mess

[ 'm?s ]

mesh

[ 'm?? ]

rust

[ 'r?st ]

rushed

[ 'r??t ]

N?u có th?, b?n làm bài t?p sau ðây cùng v?i b?n c?a m?nh. Ðây là m?t tr? chõi trí nh?. M?i ngý?i t? ch?n l?y m?t th? trong danh sách m?t hàng ði ch? dý?i ðây và nh? tên m?t hàng c?a ngý?i khác ch?n.

Sugar, sheets, shoes, washing powder, fish and chips, shirt. soap, cushion

Example:

1st PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought a sheet.

2nd PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought a sheet and some sugar.

3rd PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought a sheet, some sugar and...

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luy?n t?p)

B?n h?y chuy?n các câu sau ðây sang th? b? ð?ng.

Example:

Active Passive

You must not bring dogs into the park. Dogs must not be brought into the park.

1. People eat a lot of pies in Australia. A lot of pies...

2. I have lost my hat. My hat...

3. I will serve drinks later. Drinks...

4. We speak English here. English...

5. You must not touch the flowers. The flowers...

Part 6 - THE SERIAL (chuy?n ð?c t?ng k?)

Episode 16:

The detective was very interested in my story. When I had finished, he said, 'Right, Mr Moon. Let's go over that again. Henry Cotton works at the university, here and in Hong Kong. He's working on something pretty important. He says he's in danger, and he gives you a briefcase which you put in the safe at the hotel.' 'That's right,' I said.

'You go on holidays, and someone breaks into your house and takes your keys. Why would they do that?'

'I guess they wanted the key to the safe,' I said. 'Right. So someone wants the briefcase. Then Cotton disappears. You check with Cotton's assistant... er... what's his name?'

'Ben Morris. Yes, my daughter Mandy went to see Morris, but he didn't know where Cotton was.'

'What else? Oh yes, a man claiming to be Cotton's assistant goes to the hotel with a letter and disk, and asks for a package. But it isn't there. It's at your place. And it isn't a package, it's a briefcase. Then you ring Hong Kong and speak to Diana Cotton. She doesn't know where Cotton is, and she's worried. So she comes to Melbourne. Hmm. Interesting young woman. Then we find Cotton's body. We think he killed himself, but you don't. You think he was killed by someone who wants to steal his research. So then, at last, you give us the briefcase.'

The detective looked at me sternly. 'You should have come to the police earlier, Mr Moon. You know that, don't you?' I nodded. 'OK. What happens next? Diana Cotton leaves town. Where is she? Do you have any idea?'

'No,' I said.

'Don't worry. We'll find her!'

'Do you think she knows something, then?' I asked.

'Yes, we do,' the detective replied grimly. 'We need to talk to that young woman. She'll be found soon. You can be sure of that!'